. Selected monographs. re also 2ihysicalconditions which oppose the descent of the kidneys, especiallythe adspiratory force of the diaphragm and the intra-abdominaljjressure pioduced by the normal act of straining. If one ofthese factors is eliminated in experiments on the dead subjectas may be done by opening the abdominal cavity or removingthe diaphragm, the kidney is seen almost invariably to sinkslightly by virtue of its weight. In spite of this, the anato-mical fastenings are so strong, that Sappey found as a resultof 24 experiments in which the cadaver was raised ujDright,that the kidney
. Selected monographs. re also 2ihysicalconditions which oppose the descent of the kidneys, especiallythe adspiratory force of the diaphragm and the intra-abdominaljjressure pioduced by the normal act of straining. If one ofthese factors is eliminated in experiments on the dead subjectas may be done by opening the abdominal cavity or removingthe diaphragm, the kidney is seen almost invariably to sinkslightly by virtue of its weight. In spite of this, the anato-mical fastenings are so strong, that Sappey found as a resultof 24 experiments in which the cadaver was raised ujDright,that the kidneys remained immoveable in 21, and in3 only sank2 centimetres. Though the descent of the kidneys is ascribedby Sappey in these experiments solely to their weight, it Incorrectly quoted by Landau. MOVEABLE KIDNEY IN WOMEN. 243 must not be forgotten that their weight cannot come intooperation nntil the abdominal pressure is eliminated byopening the abdominal cavity and removing the abdominalviscera. Fig. 2 {öfter Sappey).. 1. The two kidneys. 2. Capsula fibrosa, by wbich tlieyare fixed to the posterior wall ofthe abdomen. Pelvis of the kidney. Ureter. Renal artery. Renal vein. Suprarenal body. 8. The liver, raised, in ordor toshow the relations of its lowersurface to the right kidney. Gall-bladder. Terminal portion of the portalvein. Origin of the common bile-duct. The spleen, turned outwards, in order to show the relations ofits inner surface to the lefdkidney. 13. Semicircular pouch on which the lower end of the spleen rests. 14. Abdominal aortM. 15. Vena cava inferior. 16. Left spermatic artery and vein. 17. Kight spermatic vein opening into the vena cava inferior. 18. Subperitoneal fibrous layer or fascia propria, dividing at theconvex border of the kidneysinto two folds, to form theirsheath. 19. Lower end of the quadratus lum- borum muscle. 244 MOVEABLE KIDNEY IN WOMEN. Thus during life the kidneys remain almost immoveabljfixed. Even deep inspiration does not depress them,alt
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjecttyphoid, bookyear1884
