Japan: Tokugawa Ienari (18 November 1773 - 22 March 1741), eleventh ruler of the Tokugawa Shogunate (r. 1787-1837). Hanging scroll painting by Kano Osanobu (1796-1846), 19th century. Tokugawa Ienari, born Hitotsubashi Toyochiyo, was the eleventh and longest serving shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate, hailing from the minor Hitotsubashi branch. He was adopted by shogun Tokugawa Ieharu in 1781, and succeeded him as shogun in 1786. Ienari kept a harem of 900 women and fathered over 75 children. The Great Fire of Kyoto occurred under his reign, which was known for its corruption and excess.

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Photo credit: © Pictures From History / Alamy / Afripics
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