Archive image from page 176 of Dairy farming being the. Dairy farming : being the theory, practice, and methods of dairying dairyfarmingbein00shel Year: 1880 -i- Fig. 3G.—Sheep UuAiNti. at A leading into a main channel at b, and the whole falling into the nearest water-course at c. The cost of them is small. AVith a little scouring out at times they may be regarded as a perma- nent improvement, and they have the effect of reducing the ravages of the ' rot/' which is so common to sheep on wet land. In di-aining bog land, the subsoil of which is too unstable and treacherous to carry .either a
Archive image from page 176 of Dairy farming being the. Dairy farming : being the theory, practice, and methods of dairying dairyfarmingbein00shel Year: 1880 -i- Fig. 3G.—Sheep UuAiNti. at A leading into a main channel at b, and the whole falling into the nearest water-course at c. The cost of them is small. AVith a little scouring out at times they may be regarded as a perma- nent improvement, and they have the effect of reducing the ravages of the ' rot/' which is so common to sheep on wet land. In di-aining bog land, the subsoil of which is too unstable and treacherous to carry .either a tile or stone drain, it is the practice to cut out, first of all, a spit of some 18 inches, which is then left until the sides have become mode- I'ately dry and firm; then another spit; and so on until the drain is deep enough. During the cutting out of the drain, and the drying process which is the result of it, the surface of the bog sinks in pro- portion to the quantity of water that is with- drawn, and due allow- ance in depth of drain has to be made for this. Last of all, a spit, nar- rower than the others, leaving a shoulder on each side, is taken out of the bottom of the drain, and on the shoulders so left the first sod taken from the drain is placed, leaving beneath the opening represented in the annexed woodcut (Fig. 37). 18 When bogs are deep this is the best and, in fact, only way of draining them successfully; but where they do not exceed 6 or 8 feet in depth, the best plan is to cut right through them to the firm subsoil on which they rest, and in this pipes will lie securely. Not many tools are required in draining by a man who understands his work. Those figured in the annexed woodcut (Fig. 38) are all that are, as a rule, found necessary in ordinary draining. The broad spade is necessary for cutting off the first sod, and for clearing up the
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