. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I 26 28 29» 30 2 4 6 8 Figure 3. Ontogeny of escape jetting in Loligo. Three or four animals at each developmental stage were studied as described in conjunction with Figure 2. and mean values are plotted. Adult values are from data obtained in a previous study (Otis and Gilly, 1440). Electrical (•, •). tactile (A), and photic (O, D) stimuli are individually plotted. (A) Peak mantle contraction rises smoothly from stage 25 until hatching. Each of the stimulus modes yields strong escape jets. (B) T
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I 26 28 29» 30 2 4 6 8 Figure 3. Ontogeny of escape jetting in Loligo. Three or four animals at each developmental stage were studied as described in conjunction with Figure 2. and mean values are plotted. Adult values are from data obtained in a previous study (Otis and Gilly, 1440). Electrical (•, •). tactile (A), and photic (O, D) stimuli are individually plotted. (A) Peak mantle contraction rises smoothly from stage 25 until hatching. Each of the stimulus modes yields strong escape jets. (B) Temporal aspects of escape performance [frames to peak (•) and delay • D)] improve markedly between stages 28 and 30. The adult value for delay with an electrical stimulus (• over arrow) has a minimum value of 7-8 frames (Otis and Gilly, 1990). (C) Rate of mantle contraction, approximated as maximum diameter change divided by frames to peak, shows a sharp increase before hatching (stage 30) and a post-hatching decline towards the adult level. sizable delays and represent activation through more physiological pathways. General features of indirectly stimulated motor activity due to giant and non-giant (small) axon pathways ob- served in the present study closely resemble those previ- ously reported for tethered, intact squid. In escape re- sponses evoked by light flashes, the giant axons fire either after a 50 ms delay at the start of a burst of small axon activity (Figs. 5A, B) or not at all. In an indirect response stimulated by an electric shock, the giant axons fire only after a much longer delay (several hundred ms) and always during a burst of small-axon activity (Figs. 5C, D). Giant axons do not fire in every jet cycle, and the small-axon. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Marin
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
