The world: historical and actual . e districtof Cracow with a popula-tion of 61,000, hardly ashadow of real millions of the peo-ple came under the directsway of Russia. At thattime Alexander was Czar,and at first he seemeddisposed to rule the Polesin justice and with greatliberality. For some timeall went well. The peo-ple were fast becomingloyal to the Czar at This state of things continued threeyears without signs of collapse. But it was an un-natural condition of affairs, and discontent on oneside and repressive measures on the other, created abreach which widened


The world: historical and actual . e districtof Cracow with a popula-tion of 61,000, hardly ashadow of real millions of the peo-ple came under the directsway of Russia. At thattime Alexander was Czar,and at first he seemeddisposed to rule the Polesin justice and with greatliberality. For some timeall went well. The peo-ple were fast becomingloyal to the Czar at This state of things continued threeyears without signs of collapse. But it was an un-natural condition of affairs, and discontent on oneside and repressive measures on the other, created abreach which widened continually. When the viciousConstautine succeeded Alexander almost all pretenseof good feeling between Poles and Russians disap-peared. Conspiracy after conspiracy sprang up toemphasize the Polish discontent without alleviatingthe evils of foreign rule. By 1830 popular discon-tent had taken the form of insurrection, and failurethen did not prevent subsequent efforts to throw offthe yoke, and restore Poland to political


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectworldhistory, bookyea