. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. I 100pm 5O>um. I 50/urn Figure 3. (A) Crista cupula from the squid, Alloteuthis subulala. The cupula has been fixed in osmium and then detached from the crista segment. Note that it has a large central mass and is much shorter at the edges. From Williamson I990a. (B and C) Transverse sections through two different crista segments in the statocyst of Octopus showing a small, wide-based cupula type and a large, narrow-based cupula type. From Williamson and Budelmann, I985b. dock and Young, 1984; Young, 1989) has used a vert
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. I 100pm 5O>um. I 50/urn Figure 3. (A) Crista cupula from the squid, Alloteuthis subulala. The cupula has been fixed in osmium and then detached from the crista segment. Note that it has a large central mass and is much shorter at the edges. From Williamson I990a. (B and C) Transverse sections through two different crista segments in the statocyst of Octopus showing a small, wide-based cupula type and a large, narrow-based cupula type. From Williamson and Budelmann, I985b. dock and Young, 1984; Young, 1989) has used a verte- brate semicircular canal model to predict endolymph flow, and hence sensory response characteristics, this is unlikely to be adequate. Recent vertebrate models have shown that even a good canal structure, with the three canals or- thogonally arranged, is likely to have a complicated pat- tern of endolymph flow with crosstalk between the canals ( 1987; Mullerand Verhagen, 1988). In ceph- alopods, which rarely have a single canal structure, en- dolymph flow patterns are extraordinarily difficult to pre- dict (Govardovskii, 1971; Muller, pers. comm.). Even the manner of movement of the cupula is unknown; whether it pivots like a lever, or slides like a piston, or flexes like a diaphram, although recent modelling work has suggested that the cupula does not operate as a simple pivot (Morris, 1988). Another unknown with respect to cupula movement is the strength of its attachment to the crista and the re- storing force it develops when displaced. This will have a. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ); Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ). Annual report 1907/08-1952; Lillie, Frank Rattray, 1870-1947; Moore, Carl Richard, 18
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