. Class-book of botany : being outlines of the structure, physiology and classification of plants : with a flora of the United States and Canada. Botany; Botany; Botany. 32 THE STEM, OR ASCENDING AXIS. The opposite, -where two branches stand on opposite sides of the same node, as in the maple. Verticillatc, where three or more branches, equidistant, encircle the stem at each node, as in the pine. 154. The angle of divergence in branches is also subject to definito rules more obvious in the earlier stages of growth. While the divergence is uniform in the same species, it varies to every degree
. Class-book of botany : being outlines of the structure, physiology and classification of plants : with a flora of the United States and Canada. Botany; Botany; Botany. 32 THE STEM, OR ASCENDING AXIS. The opposite, -where two branches stand on opposite sides of the same node, as in the maple. Verticillatc, where three or more branches, equidistant, encircle the stem at each node, as in the pine. 154. The angle of divergence in branches is also subject to definito rules more obvious in the earlier stages of growth. While the divergence is uniform in the same species, it varies to every degree of the circle in different species, greath affecting the form of the tree. In general, without marking the exact degree, branches are said to be erect (Lombardy poplar), spreading or obliquely ascending (common), divaricate or at nearly a right angle (oak), deflexed (beach), and pendu- lous (weeping willow). 155. Certain kinds of branches are noted for their tendency t« produce adventitious roots, and thus to become independent plants. Nurserymen avail themselves of this property in propagation, and name such branches cions, stolons, offsets, slips, layers, cuttings, and runners. 156. The Sucker is a branch issuing from some underground por- tion of the plant, leaf-bearing above and sending out roots from its own base, becoming finally a separate, independent plant. The rose and raspberry are thus ale d J e 40. a, Slip (gooseberry) taking root. 6, Cutting (grape) takhig root, c, Stolons or layers arti- ficially arranged for propagation, d, A mode of dwarfing (§ 140). t, Cions—process of graft- ing. /, A Sucker. 157. The Stolon or Layer is a branch issuing from some above- ground portion of the stem, and afterward declining to the ground takes root at or near its extremity, sends up new shoots, and becomes a new plant. The hobble-bush and black raspberry do this naturally, and gardeners imitate the process in many plants. 158. The Cion is any healthy twig or bra
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1860, booksubjectbotany, bookyear1861
