. The American farmer's hand-book ... Agriculture. 104 FARMER'S HAND-BOOK. of molasses. These portions are broken off, reduced by water, and treati'd as before described. All the scum which rises during the boiling process is carefully removed, and washed with water, to obtain from it all the contained sugar; and this water being again used to reduce the impure Bugar from the pans, nothing is lost. Proportions of Lime used.—Ki the commencement of the sugar-making season, when the roots are fresh and good, 4 pounds of lime are sufficient for the defecation of 225 gallons of syrup ; but, as the
. The American farmer's hand-book ... Agriculture. 104 FARMER'S HAND-BOOK. of molasses. These portions are broken off, reduced by water, and treati'd as before described. All the scum which rises during the boiling process is carefully removed, and washed with water, to obtain from it all the contained sugar; and this water being again used to reduce the impure Bugar from the pans, nothing is lost. Proportions of Lime used.—Ki the commencement of the sugar-making season, when the roots are fresh and good, 4 pounds of lime are sufficient for the defecation of 225 gallons of syrup ; but, as the season advances, more lime is required, until, at length, when vegetation has commenced, 7, and even as much as 8 pounds are necessary for the purpose. There is then danger of an excess of lime, which is usually taken up by an acid, added when the syrup is undergoing the final condensation. Sulphuric acid, reduced by water, in the proportion of 44 parts of water to 1 of acid, is used for this purpose — the precise quantity being ascertained by chemical tests. If a greater quantity is added than is requisite to neu- tralize the excess of lime, the sugar is objected to by the refiners, as its use subjects them to much inconvenience and some loss. SUGAR-CANE. Description.—The sugar-cane [Saccharum officinarum,) is a perennial- rooted plant, very susceptible to cold, and consequently restricted in its cultivation to the zone between 35° and 40° on each side of the Equator In the United States, its cultivation cannot be advantageously pursued Fig. higher up than about the 32d degree of North Latitude, and the cane here dies down annually, unless cut before frost sets in. Like the bamboo. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original O'Neill, F. W. , ed; Williams, H. L. , ed. New York, R. Worthingto
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