. The American educator; completely remodelled and rewritten from original text of the New practical reference library, with new plans and additional material. de himselfpopular with all classes in Florence and at-tained the position of an absolute ruler. Heencouraged learning and the arts in the mostliberal manner; he founded academies andhad collections made of books and art popes Leo X, Leo XI and Clement VII,Catherine, the wife of Henry II of France,and Marie, wife of Henry IV of France,were of the Medici f amilj. ]^ y|-EDICINE, medisin, ageneral term for thescience of preventin
. The American educator; completely remodelled and rewritten from original text of the New practical reference library, with new plans and additional material. de himselfpopular with all classes in Florence and at-tained the position of an absolute ruler. Heencouraged learning and the arts in the mostliberal manner; he founded academies andhad collections made of books and art popes Leo X, Leo XI and Clement VII,Catherine, the wife of Henry II of France,and Marie, wife of Henry IV of France,were of the Medici f amilj. ]^ y|-EDICINE, medisin, ageneral term for thescience of preventing andcuring bodily ills. It isbroadly divided into twogreat divisions, medicineproper and surgery, butthese divisions are veryclosely related and inmany cases overlap. In aprimitive stage of civili-zation diseases were be-lieved to be caused bysupernatural beings whomust be placated by cere-monies and prayers. Such beliefs gave rise tothe witch doctors and medicine men of savagetribes. In course of time it was recognizedthat diseases arose from natural causes, buteach disease was held to be a principle distinctfrom its effects, and each disease was sup-. posed to have a special remedy—somethingthat would actually cure the disease. Such views led to the adoption of varioussystems of treatment. For instance, oneschool held that only vegetable remediesshould be used in the treatment of diseases;another school upheld the virtues of the bathas a universal j^anacea for all human ills. Athird maintained that diseases are cured b)^substances having, in small doses, an actionon the body similar to that of the disease,so that one might treat diseases by a seriesof fixed and specific formulae, all dependingon this single principle. Finally, there is aschool that upholds the theory that diseasesare cured by contraries, that is, by remedieshaving an action on the body the reverse ofthat of the disease. Modern medical practice, however, has beenrevolutionized by the general acceptance ofth
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Keywords: ., bookauthorhughesja, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookyear1919
