. American chemical journal . orm used inthis laboratory were employed. The conductivities wereread at eight concentrations, ranging from N/2 to N/2048,according to the Ostwald scheme of dilution. One cell wasemployed for each dilution. The well-known Kohlrausch method, consisting of a Wheat-stone bridge, resistance box, telephone, and an inductioncoil supplying the alternating current, was employed for read-ing the conductivities. The calibration of the bridge wire,resistance box, and thermometers was done in essentiallythe same way as that described by Jones and West. More-over, it was consi
. American chemical journal . orm used inthis laboratory were employed. The conductivities wereread at eight concentrations, ranging from N/2 to N/2048,according to the Ostwald scheme of dilution. One cell wasemployed for each dilution. The well-known Kohlrausch method, consisting of a Wheat-stone bridge, resistance box, telephone, and an inductioncoil supplying the alternating current, was employed for read-ing the conductivities. The calibration of the bridge wire,resistance box, and thermometers was done in essentiallythe same way as that described by Jones and West. More-over, it was considered advisable to keep the same range oftemperature as they did, namely 0°, 10°, 25°, and 35°. Carnegie Monograph No. 60 (Hydrates in Solution), This Journal, 36, 445 (1905).8 Ibid., 34, 357 (1905). Conductivity and Ionization of Electrolytes. 361 In order to bring the cells containing the solutions to thesetemperatures, constant-temperature water baths were em-ployed. We found that the zero bath described by West. Fig. I. gave^conductivities that were invariably too high by per cent, and the difficulty was thought to lie in the factthat the^upper portion of the cell was exposed to a much 362 Jones and Jacohson. higher temperature, and, consequently, heat would be con-ducted into the solution, especially by the mercury of theelectrodes. To overcome this difficulty, we constructedanother form of ice bath, shown in the accompanying cut,Fig. I. By this means the air above and in immediate con-tact with the cells could also be brought to zero whole apparatus was surrounded by hair packing, andwell protected against conduction of heat from surroundingobjects. This form of ice bath gave entirely satisfactory re-sults. The temperature of the 10° bath was regulated by a smallgas burner and running hydrant water, stirred by a hot-airengine. We found that the temperature of the hydrant waterdid not remain constant long enough to answer our purposewit
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