. Bird-lore . ush, in Useful Birds andTheir Protection, says: This much-maligned bird is, nevertheless, an essentialpart of natures plan. Birds that rear their own young are confined by neces-sity to a certain radius about their nests; but the scattered bands of Cowbirdsform a wandering, unattached light squadron of insect destroyers, which allsummer long can go where their presence is most needed. In the warmermonths of the year they feed almost entirely upon insects, but during thecolder months they live on seeds. From my own observations, however,places are rare where we find the Cowbird in
. Bird-lore . ush, in Useful Birds andTheir Protection, says: This much-maligned bird is, nevertheless, an essentialpart of natures plan. Birds that rear their own young are confined by neces-sity to a certain radius about their nests; but the scattered bands of Cowbirdsform a wandering, unattached light squadron of insect destroyers, which allsummer long can go where their presence is most needed. In the warmermonths of the year they feed almost entirely upon insects, but during thecolder months they live on seeds. From my own observations, however,places are rare where we find the Cowbird in which we do not also find speciesof more exemplary habits just as capable as the Cowbird of consuming insectsand weed seeds detrimental to human welfare. The numbers of these specieswould be even more numerous if Cowbirds were exterminated. I doubtwhether the unattached light squadrons of Cowbirds cover any more terri-tory than is covered by the various species of birds working out from theirnests as The Migration of North American Birds SECOND SERIES XVI. PURPLE GRACKLECompiled by Harry C. Oberholser, Chiefly from Data in the Biological Survey This species is the well-known Crow Blackbird of eastern North .\ some one of its several forms it occurs north to Labrador and Mackenzie,west to the Rocky Mountains, and south to the Gulf of Mexico. It is dividedinto three subspecies as follows: The Florida Crackle (Quiscalus quiscula quisculaY is resident in the southernpart of the southeastern United States, and breeds north to the coast of SouthCarolina, to southern Georgia, southern Alabama, and southern Mississippi;west to eastern Louisiana; south to the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, fromeastern Louisiana to southern Florida; and east to the Atlantic coast ofFlorida, Georgia, and South CaroHna. The Purple Crackle {Quiscalus quiscula ridgwayiy breeds north to southernRhode Island, southern Connecticut, southeastern New York, and north-eastern Pennsylvania; west to
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