. Loyal citizenship. V. S. Bureau of Puhlu- Roads Fig. 110. Buildinp; a conrrote road l)Ol\veen Heading andAllcnlown, Pennsylvania. life of our country are its highways: roads, railroads,rivers, lakes, and canals, and now even ils air is comparatively cheap to move goods by rail, stillcheaper to move them by water, and comparativelyexpensive to haul them on trucks or wagons. It maycost less to bring Hood River apples from a railroadstation in Oregon to a railroad station in the MiddleWest than it does to them to one freight ])lat-form and away from the other. The cost of truckin
. Loyal citizenship. V. S. Bureau of Puhlu- Roads Fig. 110. Buildinp; a conrrote road l)Ol\veen Heading andAllcnlown, Pennsylvania. life of our country are its highways: roads, railroads,rivers, lakes, and canals, and now even ils air is comparatively cheap to move goods by rail, stillcheaper to move them by water, and comparativelyexpensive to haul them on trucks or wagons. It maycost less to bring Hood River apples from a railroadstation in Oregon to a railroad station in the MiddleWest than it does to them to one freight ])lat-form and away from the other. The cost of truckingdepends very nmch on the character of the roads are frequently either so muddy or sodusty as to make transportation difiicult, andmacadamized roads are soon torn to ])ieces by swift-moving automobiles. But over smooth concreteroads great ten-ton motor trucks roll with ease. 266 Loyal Citizenship. U. S. Bureau of Public Ruaih Fig. 111. A section of the Lincoln Highway between Kingstonand New Brunswick, New Jersey. Such a well-built concrete roadis easily maintained, and it greatly reduces the cost of motor trans-portation. One of the things that the people of our country mostneed to do is to establish a fine system of paved it is beyond the means of any except the morethickly settled localities to pay for paved highways,and a large part of the expense must be borne by thestate and national governments. State aid for roadswas begun by New Jersey (1891), quickly followedby Massachusetts (1892), Cahfornia (1895), andNew York (1898). Now every state is engaged ingood-roads work. On conditions laid down in theFederal Aid Road Act, the United States will bearas much as fifty per cent of the cost of actual con-struction of roads within a state. The fundamental principle of road building is Development of Commiinicalions 267
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