Twentieth century hand-book for steam engineers and electricians, with questions and answers .. . e of utilizing the energyin steam and converting it into useful work has beenexperimented upon for many years, it is only since theinauguration of the twentieth century that steamturbines have been brought to the front as efficientpower producers. There are to-day in this country four distinct typesof steam turbines, each one of which has its owncharacteristic features distinguishing it from theothers, but in each the kinetic energy and velocity ofthe expanding steam constitute the source of power
Twentieth century hand-book for steam engineers and electricians, with questions and answers .. . e of utilizing the energyin steam and converting it into useful work has beenexperimented upon for many years, it is only since theinauguration of the twentieth century that steamturbines have been brought to the front as efficientpower producers. There are to-day in this country four distinct typesof steam turbines, each one of which has its owncharacteristic features distinguishing it from theothers, but in each the kinetic energy and velocity ofthe expanding steam constitute the source of power. Notwithstanding the fact that much has been said and written during the past four years regarding the steam turbine, the machine is to-day a mystery to thousands of engineers, not because they do not desire 356 THE STEAM TURBINE 357 information upon the subject, but because of a lack ofopportunities for obtaining that information. Theauthor therefore considers that a space devoted tothis subject would no doubt be of benefit to piston of the reciprocating engine is driven back. FIGURE 127. and forth by the static expansive force of the steam,while in the steam turbine not only the expansive forceis made to do work, but a still more important elementis utilized, viz., the kinetic energy or heat energylatent in the steam and which manifests itself in therapid vibratory motion of the particles of steam 358 ENGINEERING expanding from a high to a lower pressure, and thismotion the steam turbine transforms into work. One of the earliest descriptions of a device for con-verting the power of steam into work was recorded byHero, a learned writer who flourished in the city ofAlexandria in Egypt, in the second century beforeChrist. Hero describes a machine called an ^Eolipileor Ball of yEolus,1 illustrated in Fig. 127. B is theboiler under which a fire was made. G is a hollow
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