The flotation process . , and upcasting jets of water, were provided to assist theoperation. Various simplified forms were later adopted as the processmerged from partial to complete flotation, as illustrated in the ex-perimental spitz-box for the granulation plant (Fig. 21). 118 THE FLOTATION PROCESS At first the sand was ejected by sluicing out to a dam; but thisbeing wasteful of circuit-liquor, and therefore also acid, it was de-cided to construct sand-boxes, through which, in turn, the suspendedsand could be deposited—the liquor overflowing from these sand-boxes to be run to the pump-sump
The flotation process . , and upcasting jets of water, were provided to assist theoperation. Various simplified forms were later adopted as the processmerged from partial to complete flotation, as illustrated in the ex-perimental spitz-box for the granulation plant (Fig. 21). 118 THE FLOTATION PROCESS At first the sand was ejected by sluicing out to a dam; but thisbeing wasteful of circuit-liquor, and therefore also acid, it was de-cided to construct sand-boxes, through which, in turn, the suspendedsand could be deposited—the liquor overflowing from these sand-boxes to be run to the pump-sump and thence re-circulated throughthe plant. By this means a closed circuit would be secured, and liquor-losses minimized. It was not until November that these sand-boxeswere actually in use. Meantime, it was noted, particularly in slime-tests, that the operation was appreciably assisted by raising the tem-perature of the liquor. Steam jets were, therefore, introduced intothe mixers in the plant early in September Fig. 21. experimental spitz-box. Before advancing further ^^dth the evolution of the process as de-veloped in the first large plant, it is perhaps advisable to refer hereto certain experiments that mark a most important era in the historyof the process. Discovery of the Frothing Process. We now come to a sta^ewhen a remarkable development in the operation was discovered(strangely enough, at the same time both here and in the * laboratory in London), which had for its main principle thereversal of all pre\dous operations, and consisted in the completeflotation of each particle of mineral independently in place of granu-lating the mineral particles and causing them to sink, thus not onlyrevolutionizing the process, but greatly simplifying and cheapening developments noted were mainly along the line of decreased con-sumption of oleic acid or oil, for example, from 3% oleic on ore, re-sulting in very little float, do^ATi to 1%, giving practically a
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