. A short history of England and the British Empire. .The demand was now for more was supplied by three new inventions that were perfectedHargreaves between 1764 and 1779. First came the spinningspinning jenny, a machine invented by James Hargreaves, jenny. ^ wj1jcj1 ^e operator was enabled to work eight spindles instead of one. The machine was still further improvedand made ten times as efficient as when first put to use. Thespindle was an ancient device, as old as civilization itself, sothat Hargreaves did not discover any new principle of spinning. 1 Tuell and Hatch, No. 60. 3 K
. A short history of England and the British Empire. .The demand was now for more was supplied by three new inventions that were perfectedHargreaves between 1764 and 1779. First came the spinningspinning jenny, a machine invented by James Hargreaves, jenny. ^ wj1jcj1 ^e operator was enabled to work eight spindles instead of one. The machine was still further improvedand made ten times as efficient as when first put to use. Thespindle was an ancient device, as old as civilization itself, sothat Hargreaves did not discover any new principle of spinning. 1 Tuell and Hatch, No. 60. 3 No. no. * Cheyney, No. 370. 4 Gardiner, SPINNING MACHINES AND POWER LOOMS 501 But Richard Arkwright found that better and stronger threadcould be produced by passing the cotton fibers be- Arkwrightstween As Arkwrights spinning machine water frame-could be operated by water power, it soon came to be knownas the water Ten years later, Samuel Cromptoncombined the methods of the spindle and the series of rollers in. The Spinning Jenny a contrivance that has since been called the mule. Cromp-tons mule spun a finer thread than was possible Cromptonswith the spinning jenny or the water frame. These mule-three inventors of spinning devices, Ha^reaves, Arkwright,and Crompton, were all natives of Lancashire, which was andstill remains the center of the cotton industry in England. These inventions soon supplied more cotton thread thancould be woven into cloth even after the fly-shuttle looms hadbecome common. But in 1785 this difficulty was Cartwrightsremoved by the invention of the power loom by P°wer loom-Edmund Cartwright, a Kentish clergyman with a genius formechanics. As~both spinning and weaving could now be doneby machinery, the output of cotton cloth increased enormously. 1 Cheyney, No. 373. 502 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY The only difficulty now was how to obtain a sufficient supplyWhitneys of cotton. Seven years after the appearance ofcotton gin.
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