Transactions . the west workings of the Low Mainseam (14 fafhoms nearer the surface) prove the widening to the westwardof the denuded course. It would be difficult to attempt to account for the peculiar passageof the river through the city of Durham, cutting its winding coursethrough the solid rock instead of a straight course along the line of theWash. We next trace the pretty regular continuance of the line of Washfrom Gilesgate, past Maiden Castle Wood, and in a course midwaybetween Houghall and Shincliffe ; and the cutting of a channel, by theriver, through solid strata, around the Cathedr
Transactions . the west workings of the Low Mainseam (14 fafhoms nearer the surface) prove the widening to the westwardof the denuded course. It would be difficult to attempt to account for the peculiar passageof the river through the city of Durham, cutting its winding coursethrough the solid rock instead of a straight course along the line of theWash. We next trace the pretty regular continuance of the line of Washfrom Gilesgate, past Maiden Castle Wood, and in a course midwaybetween Houghall and Shincliffe ; and the cutting of a channel, by theriver, through solid strata, around the Cathedral and Castle must beinstanced as but another to be added to the many cases of such divergencein the settling down of the waters to their present curious direction. In cross section, Plate XIV., No. 7, the Hutton seam workings inElvet Colliery are shown as meeting with the base of the Wash, and N?7. VozMHCPlatzXK CROSS SECTION from ELVET COLLIERY to OLD DURHAM COLLIERY Low Minn Sean* __DATUM_LI_NE Bittfrm Seam. PmceeAsigs N° or / ? Scales AiiTiiuvh,/,- Chums &0~Eeeb perlnclv. 79 denuded at a point not far distant from ShinclifFe Bridge, giving a totaldepth of Wash of 120 feet, and its lowest surface nearly correspondingwith the high-water mark datum line, and 140 feet above the bottom ofthe Wash at No. 3 section. At a short distance to the south of the line of section No. 7, butremoved to the east of it, a bore-hole on the flat surface, near ShinclifFeBridge, gives a depth of 13 fathoms of clay, and shows the Low-mainseam not quite denuded, being at fourteen fathoms, and the Hutton seamat twenty-seven fathoms from the surface. The explorings, however, in the ShinclifFe Colliery represent the LowMain seam as interfered with by drifted sand at its roof, about 800 from that shaft. The existence westward from the rocky channel of the river, atDurham, of immense sand hills and clay banks, proved by a boringfor water at Crossgate Foundry, 84 feet in thickn
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