. Applied thermodynamics for engineers. This is obviously less than theefficiency of the Caruot cyclebetween T and t. The entropydiagram may be readily drawnas in Pig. 103. The atmos-phere may of course take theplace of the cold chamber C,a fresh supply being drawn inby the pump at each stroke, andthe engine cylinder likewisedischarging its contents to theatmosphere. The ratio/cZ ^/g,in Pig. 102, shows the necessary ratio of volumes of pump cylinder andengine cylinder. The need of a large pump cylinder would be a seriousdrawback in practice; it would make the engine bulky and expensive, and Fi
. Applied thermodynamics for engineers. This is obviously less than theefficiency of the Caruot cyclebetween T and t. The entropydiagram may be readily drawnas in Pig. 103. The atmos-phere may of course take theplace of the cold chamber C,a fresh supply being drawn inby the pump at each stroke, andthe engine cylinder likewisedischarging its contents to theatmosphere. The ratio/cZ ^/g,in Pig. 102, shows the necessary ratio of volumes of pump cylinder andengine cylinder. The need of a large pump cylinder would be a seriousdrawback in practice; it would make the engine bulky and expensive, and Fig. 103. Arts. 255, 256.—Joule Cycle, EntropyDiagram. REGENERATOR 151 would lead to an excessive amount of mechanical friction,engine has never been constructed. The Joule. 256. Comparisons. The cj^cles just described have been groupedill a single illustration in Fig. 104. Here we have, between thetemperature limits T and ^, the Carnot cycle, ahcd; the polytropiccycle, dehfi the Lorenzcycle, dghh; that of Reit-linger^ aicj; and that ofJoule, ohqd. These illus-trations are lettered tocorrespond with , 102, 103. Agraphical demonstrationthat the Carnot cycle isthe one of maximumefficiency suggests now consider themost successful attemptyet made to evolve a cyclehaving a potential effi-ciency equal to that ofCarnot. 257. reference to Fig. 100,it may be noted that theheat areas under aj andic are equal. The heatabsorbed along the onepath is precisely equal tothat rejected along theother. This fact doesnot prevent the efficiencyfrom being less than thatof the Carnot cycle, forefficiency is the quotientof work done by the grossheat absorption. If, however, the heat under ic were absorbednot from the working substance, and th
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