Manual of military engineering . Surplus ea7*th. m/iyhe hecuped- or sprecLeLin. re^xr of trerhcJv. *806-S as we-eSiGra^aT L iJtio LonoonOpposite CHAPTER IX.—EARTHWORKS. 33 The front of the parapet maybe covered with sods or branches,or whatever will make them look like the surrounding hues must be avoided and attention must be paid toback ground. If the parapet is on the skyline, spare earth may be piledup behind the trench to make a back ground for the defendersheads. As a rule, however, a sky line is to be avoided. The parapet should be kept as low as possible consist

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Manual of military engineering . Surplus ea7*th. m/iyhe hecuped- or sprecLeLin. re^xr of trerhcJv. *806-S as we-eSiGra^aT L iJtio LonoonOpposite CHAPTER IX.—EARTHWORKS. 33 The front of the parapet maybe covered with sods or branches,or whatever will make them look like the surrounding hues must be avoided and attention must be paid toback ground. If the parapet is on the skyline, spare earth may be piledup behind the trench to make a back ground for the defendersheads. As a rule, however, a sky line is to be avoided. The parapet should be kept as low as possible consistentwith fire effect; in some cases no parapet is required. Trenches. 69. Trenches are distinguished as fire trenches and cover Trenches,trenches, according as they are for the firing line or merely to cover troops not actually engaged. Fire Trenches. 70. The design of the trench will depend on the time and Firelabour available, on the soil and on the siting, but the following trendies,points are important :— (1) The parapet should be bullet proof at the top; 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet will

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