. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 328 HISTORY OF CHRONOPHOTOGRAPHY. living scenes visible to an assembly and presenting a perfect illusion. The success of this invention was immense, and has not passed away. Fig. 17 shows the cinematograph open and arranged for taking photo- graphs. A film, perforated like that of Edison, is rolled up in a closed box c^e on the top of the apparatus. It passes, in an intermittent manner, to the focus of the objective, being drawn forward Iw
. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Institution. Archives; Discoveries in science. 328 HISTORY OF CHRONOPHOTOGRAPHY. living scenes visible to an assembly and presenting a perfect illusion. The success of this invention was immense, and has not passed away. Fig. 17 shows the cinematograph open and arranged for taking photo- graphs. A film, perforated like that of Edison, is rolled up in a closed box c^e on the top of the apparatus. It passes, in an intermittent manner, to the focus of the objective, being drawn forward Iw a sys- tem of claws which catch in the holes of the film. The reciprocating motion of these claws gives intermittency to the motion of the ribbon. After exposure the film is received in another closed box, invisible in the figure. It was important to make the claws acquire and lose their velocity as gradually as possible, so as not to tear the film. The Messrs. Lmniere succeeded in effecting this b}- means of a triangular cam, fig. 18, which is the essential part of the apparatus. During two-thirds of the whole time the film is at rest. For the projection of the positives, the Messrs. Lumiere make use of a special arrangement. A powerful electric lamp brilliantly illu- minates the film. In this way very bright projections are obtained of 25 by 19 feet ( m, by m.), the figures on the film measuring only 1 b}^ f inches (25 b}^ 22 mm.). In 1 the glass case by the side of the cinemato- graph several ribbons printed on paper showed the perfection and happy choice of the photographs obtained with this instrument. The success of the cinematograph gave l)irth to man}^ forms of apparatus for the projection of living pictures. Most of them differ ver}" little from the instru- ment of Messrs. Lumiere, and were not shown. Two types, however, of marked originalit}^ merit special mention. JVo. 14- Ca_ptain Gossarfs apparatus with oscillatmg ohjective, 1897.—This instrument gi
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