. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. A I R MOLES WHICH CftN "j BE CLOSED OR OPENED. HALF END ELtVATION AND TRANSVERSE SECTION OF FIRE BOX Figure 15.—This drawing of 1856-1857 indicates that MillhoUand had at last abandoned his impractical central-combustion-chamber boiler. Note the wide shown in the end elevation. (From Galton's Report on the Railways of the United States, 1857). Galton's Report on the Railways oj the United States}^ Galton gathered his information in the fall of 1856 for the British Parliament. It is assumed that he acquired the boiler drawing at
. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. A I R MOLES WHICH CftN "j BE CLOSED OR OPENED. HALF END ELtVATION AND TRANSVERSE SECTION OF FIRE BOX Figure 15.—This drawing of 1856-1857 indicates that MillhoUand had at last abandoned his impractical central-combustion-chamber boiler. Note the wide shown in the end elevation. (From Galton's Report on the Railways of the United States, 1857). Galton's Report on the Railways oj the United States}^ Galton gathered his information in the fall of 1856 for the British Parliament. It is assumed that he acquired the boiler drawing at the same time and that it was MillhoUand's latest design. This would estab- lish the demise of the patent boiler at least as early as the fall of 1856, possibly in 1855. The engraving shows MillhoUand's design for an anthracite-burning firebox and boiler. The general plan is similar to that of the Pawnees, but the central chamber is not sho\sTi. The design is plain and straightforward, showing a simple combustion chamber at the firebox end of the boiler. An end-elevation view shows the grate to be 66 inches in width (fig. 15). About 1858 MillhoUand introduced water grates, thus solving a chronic problem long associated with anthracite burners.^^ Ordinary cast-iron grate bars burned out quickly because of anthracite's intense heat and lack of insulating ash, although it was the practice to use coal of poor quality, one that would produce a large amount of ash to insulate the cast- iron grates from the direct heat of the fire. The water grate was a series of staggered iron tubes con- necting the front and rear water spaces of the firebox. Circulation of water through the tubes prevented the grate's burning out. Although the idea was not original with MillhoUand, he introduced it in the United States and perfected its use. One advantage of the water grate, aside from its longer life, was that it permitted the use of better grades of anthracite. By 1859 MillhoUand, for all pract
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