. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 244 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS XXXVI. ERGOT Clavkeps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. De Bary, A. Comp. Morphology and Biology of the Fungi, Mycetozoa and Bacteria, , pp. 35-39, 220-221, 227-228. Fisch, C. Zur Entwickelungsgesch. einiger Ascomyceten. Bot. Zeitg. 40: 851-870, 875-897, 899-906. pis. io-ii. 1882. Heald, F. D., and Peters, A. T. Ergot and Ergotism. Neb. Agl. Exp. Sta. Press Built. 23 : 1-7. 1906. Salmon, D. E. Enzootics of Ergotism. U. S. Dept. Agl. Rept (1884): 212-252. pis. 5
. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 244 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS XXXVI. ERGOT Clavkeps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. De Bary, A. Comp. Morphology and Biology of the Fungi, Mycetozoa and Bacteria, , pp. 35-39, 220-221, 227-228. Fisch, C. Zur Entwickelungsgesch. einiger Ascomyceten. Bot. Zeitg. 40: 851-870, 875-897, 899-906. pis. io-ii. 1882. Heald, F. D., and Peters, A. T. Ergot and Ergotism. Neb. Agl. Exp. Sta. Press Built. 23 : 1-7. 1906. Salmon, D. E. Enzootics of Ergotism. U. S. Dept. Agl. Rept (1884): 212-252. pis. 5-8. Stager, R. Infectionsversuche mit Gramineen-bewohnenden Claviceps-arten. Bot. zeit. 61 . 111-158. 1903. Tulasne, L. R. Memoire sur l'Ergot des Glumacees. Ann. d. Sci. Nat. 20 (Sen 3): 5-56. pis. 1-4. 1853. The ergot-producing fungus is of more or less common occurrence as a disease of rye and other grasses. It has never proved a pest of any seri- ous importance so far as its effects upon the host plant are concerned, but it deserves special consideration from the interesting morphological characters of the fungus as well as from the na- ture and importance of the officinal and toxic extract, commonly known as ergotine, which may be obtained from a certain stage of the fungus. The ergot grains may be accidentally eaten by cattle or horses, and no great amount is required to cause dangerous poisoning or uterine con- traction, paralysis, etc. The fungus is widely distributed throughout the United States and Europe, and it has been known botanically more than half a century. It is probably considerably affected by climatic or seasonal conditions, since, as will be seen, it must effect an entrance to the host plant at a particular time, and the spores must therefore be produced in abundance in advance of this period. The principal grasses affected by the species here discussed are Secale cereale (rye), Lolium perenne (rye grass), Gly- ceric/, nervata, Elymus virginicus, and othe
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