. The American encyclopædia of commerce, manufactures, commercial law, and finance. ed in nearly nil the opera-tions connected with the business, some of tliefinest kiiiil of work being, liowever, still made byliaiul. These machines, several of which are ex-amples of American ingenuity, are very madiine for pegging boots and slioes, insteadof sewing them, cuts the wire into pegs, pressesthe sole firmly against an iron last, guides apeg against the sole, i)resses it through the leatherwith great force, and clinches it against the ironsole. The clicking machine greatly expedites thecu
. The American encyclopædia of commerce, manufactures, commercial law, and finance. ed in nearly nil the opera-tions connected with the business, some of tliefinest kiiiil of work being, liowever, still made byliaiul. These machines, several of which are ex-amples of American ingenuity, are very madiine for pegging boots and slioes, insteadof sewing them, cuts the wire into pegs, pressesthe sole firmly against an iron last, guides apeg against the sole, i)resses it through the leatherwith great force, and clinches it against the ironsole. The clicking machine greatly expedites thecutting out and binding of the linings; whileanother machine models the instep pieces. TlieMocking apparatus expedites the process of block-ing the uppers. One machine will cut soles at therate of 60 a minute; another will split leather intotwo thicknesses, instead of paring it away with aknife. The Eureka Keel-trimming machine, patentedin 1875 by J. K. Krieg & Co., of New York(Fig. 40), trims about 1,000 a day, withoutdamaging the finest upper, either leather or IlEEL-TlUSIMING MACHINE. Other inventions, introduced with various degreesof success, relate to the ventilating of the sides ofboots by means of small pieces of metal; the sew-ing with wire thread instead of luuiiien thread ;the making of circular rcv<dviiig luels; tlie intro-duction of an waist between the sole andthe heel, etc. Althougli mainly the occupationof a man, women have of late years been largelyfound in the boot ami shoe manufacture, owing tothe universal use of the sewing-machine, whichcan be applied to stiff leathers just as well as tothe most delicate muslin. In many factories thereare women who, by various ingenious machines,close the uppers, sew on the welts and insoles,last the boots at the rate of one hundred andfifty pairs per day, and tack on and stilch theeolcs. There are in England, Germany, andFrance, large establishments where ranges ofsewing-machines are employed in i
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