. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. r useful and send them ruthlessly to the block. He wasan amateur theologian; professed great abhorrence of Luther-anism, and wrote a not unlearned treatise in defense of thePope; then ended by repudiating the papal power and launch-ing England into bitter war with the Roman Church. He couldperpetrate acts of extreme blood and cruelty, justify them inthe names of religion and state policy, and probably (so ablecritics have held) be sincere in believing in his own , he could tear England away from Rome and yetre
. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. r useful and send them ruthlessly to the block. He wasan amateur theologian; professed great abhorrence of Luther-anism, and wrote a not unlearned treatise in defense of thePope; then ended by repudiating the papal power and launch-ing England into bitter war with the Roman Church. He couldperpetrate acts of extreme blood and cruelty, justify them inthe names of religion and state policy, and probably (so ablecritics have held) be sincere in believing in his own , he could tear England away from Rome and yetrefrain from committing her to any of the usual types of THE RELIGIOUS REVOLT IN ENGLAND 243 Protestantism. Henry VIII was, in short, a strange compoundof good and 137. The divorce of Catherine of Aragon. During the earlieryears of this young and masterful king his policy was largelyshaped by a great chief minister, Cardinal Wolsey, who, byskillfully balancing France against Spain and offering theEnglish alliance now to one side, now to the other, in their. CARDINAL WOLSEY AND HIS SUITE incessant wars, managed to make England a leading poweramong the nations without committing her to any very exten-sive or exhausting campaigning. During this time, too, littlebands of Lutheran sympathizers began to appear in Eng-land, only to be suppressed by the royal authorities invok-ing the old anti-heresy laws. In 1527 came the opening wedge 1 A large part of Henrys career turned on his six unfortunate and notoriousmarriages. His wives were: (1) Catherine of Aragon (queen, 1509-33; divorced).(2) Anne Boleyn (1533-36; executed for alleged immorality). (3) Jane Seymour(1536-37; she gave birth to a prince, the later king Edward VI, and died soonafter). (4) Anne of Cleves (1540; a foreign princess repudiated within six monthsafter marriage, as homely and socially unattractive). (5) Catherine Howard(1540-42; executed for immorality, probably guilty). (6) Catherine Parr (1543-47; a discreet
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