. The effects of inanition and malnutrition upon growth and structure . It is evident that in Boehm's experiments the total hepatic cell volume was least in starvation, but not the nuclear volume. Cesa-Bianchi ('09) discovered that in the atrophic liver (and kidney) of the fasting white mouse, the cell changes in the earlier stages correspond to those produced by hypotonic or hypertonic salt solutions; while the later changes correspond to those produced by aseptic autolysis. The nuclear changes come late, when all the available food material has been consumed, and true cell- hunger supervenes
. The effects of inanition and malnutrition upon growth and structure . It is evident that in Boehm's experiments the total hepatic cell volume was least in starvation, but not the nuclear volume. Cesa-Bianchi ('09) discovered that in the atrophic liver (and kidney) of the fasting white mouse, the cell changes in the earlier stages correspond to those produced by hypotonic or hypertonic salt solutions; while the later changes correspond to those produced by aseptic autolysis. The nuclear changes come late, when all the available food material has been consumed, and true cell- hunger supervenes. The changes progress from hyperchromatosis to either pyenosis or karyorrhexis. (See further details in Chapter XXIII.) When the loss in body weight is 40 per cent, the liver has lost 50 per cent, and the liver-cells 50 per cent, but the nuclei only 15-20 per cent. Rathery ('09, '09a) by appropriate fixatives showed that the "clear" cells of the liver in fasting rabbits still contain fuchsinophile granules. Policard ('09, '09a) applied mitochondrial methods to the study of the liver-cells of the frog and dog during fasting and refeeding. Siderophile fila- ments and granules undergo changes which are interpreted as secretion phases of the liver-cells. Mayer, Rathery and Schaeffer ('10) studied these mitochon- dria and granules in the liver-cells of geese and rabbits in various conditions
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