. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . retained as distinct elements. The bodies of themiddle dorsal vertebraeare shorter in propor-tion to their breadth;the diapophyses arethicker, stand more di-rectly outward, and thecostal surfaces aremore concave and ob-long than in Man; themetapophysis, whichprojects distinctly inthe eleventh vertebrain Man, does not soappear until the twelfthin the Gorilla. In thefirst dorsal the diapo-physis projects directlyoutward; the propor-tionate increase of thecentrum is greater thanin Man; the neuralspine is less obliquelybent backward, and isth
. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . retained as distinct elements. The bodies of themiddle dorsal vertebraeare shorter in propor-tion to their breadth;the diapophyses arethicker, stand more di-rectly outward, and thecostal surfaces aremore concave and ob-long than in Man; themetapophysis, whichprojects distinctly inthe eleventh vertebrain Man, does not soappear until the twelfthin the Gorilla. In thefirst dorsal the diapo-physis projects directlyoutward; the propor-tionate increase of thecentrum is greater thanin Man; the neuralspine is less obliquelybent backward, and isthicker antero-posteri-orly, though not lon-ger; the anterior zyga-pophyses are more pro-duced; the diapophysesare broader and some-what shorter. In theeleventh dorsal theneural spine is muchexpanded at its extre-mity. In the twelfth,there are distinct andwell-developed meta-pophyses, projectingfrom the fore part ofthe diapophyses, and Overhanging the ante- GoriUa (Troglodytes Gorilla), cur rior zygapophyses: this vertebra corresponds in this character. 524 ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. with the eleventh of the Human subject. The neural spine isbroader and thicker, especially superiorly; there is but one costalsurface on each side; the diapophyses are reduced in size, themetapophyses equalling them, the body and neural spine increas-ing. The thoracic ribs are longer and thicker, more convex ontheir inner side, with the subcostal groove not defined, except intwo or three of the longest ribs near their vertebral end ; the neckis shorter and thicker than in Man ; the longest rib is one foot fourinches in length,—that of the longest rib in an average-sized manbeing thirteen inches. The manubrium sterni is much broader thanin Man (fig. 183), and less deeply excavated for the clavicles ; thethree or four sternebers which coalesce to form the e body of thebreast-bone have a like character. The cervical vertebras differmost from the Human in the extraordinary length of the spinesof the last
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