. Annals of medical history. that each investigator will viewthe work and influence of the great man he isstudying through the spectacles of his owntimes. It may be realized, therefore, thatw hile the history of any one great man maylia\ e been exhaustively written, and writtenby men of talent, many hundred j^ears ago,this docs not mean that a more compre-hensive history, and one containing renewedinteiest may not later on be written byanother historiographer. Moreover, someof the contrii)utions to human welfare andluiman tiiou<;ht, which great men have made, 2b Leonardo da Vinci as a Scien
. Annals of medical history. that each investigator will viewthe work and influence of the great man he isstudying through the spectacles of his owntimes. It may be realized, therefore, thatw hile the history of any one great man maylia\ e been exhaustively written, and writtenby men of talent, many hundred j^ears ago,this docs not mean that a more compre-hensive history, and one containing renewedinteiest may not later on be written byanother historiographer. Moreover, someof the contrii)utions to human welfare andluiman tiiou<;ht, which great men have made, 2b Leonardo da Vinci as a Scientist have required centuries for maturing andbringing about their most telling ellect; infact, the nearness of a great event to itsauthor obscures all correct judgment. Forexample, we are at the present time, i(j2i,yet unable to discern clearly the complexinternational relations in Europe thatbrought on the great war of 1914; nor canany man li\ing at this date predict what the demerits of the workscientific man. 27artist or. Self-Portrait of Leonardo da Vinci. effect of this war will be on human civiliza-tion. I venture to assert that all efforts togive an interpretation of these questions atthe present time will, by future historians,be proved to have been only tentative, ifnot entirely conjectural. The publication of the Anatomic Con-tributions of Leonardo da Vinci by theSwedish house, Jacob Dybwad, Christiania,which began in 1916 and was just completedin 1919,^ about 425 years after these admir-able anatomic studies were made by daVinci, is an example of the clarifying effectof time on the conceptions of the merits or ^ of Medical History, i, 326, for review. LEONARDO DA \INCI, THE SCIENTIST In those happy days when a new spring-lime was breaking upon old Europe, andminds were awakening everywhere frommedieval slumber to new life, in the time ofthe rebirth of the arts and sciences, therearose in various countries learned menand artists whose many-sidedness seemshardly
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