. The pruning-book; a monograph of the pruning and training of plants as applied to American conditions. e growthand to broaden the top. Young pear trees, par- 154 THE PRINCIPLES OF PRUNING ticularly of the Kieffer type, make very long anderect growths, but when bearing-time arrives thegrowth is less marked and the limbs spread. Thetreatment of a young tree, therefore, may be verydifferent from that demanded by the same treewhen it arrives at maturity. 6. One part of a plant maylive at the expense ofanother pa^^t. We know that the plantcannot make use of the ma-terials taken in by the rootsand
. The pruning-book; a monograph of the pruning and training of plants as applied to American conditions. e growthand to broaden the top. Young pear trees, par- 154 THE PRINCIPLES OF PRUNING ticularly of the Kieffer type, make very long anderect growths, but when bearing-time arrives thegrowth is less marked and the limbs spread. Thetreatment of a young tree, therefore, may be verydifferent from that demanded by the same treewhen it arrives at maturity. 6. One part of a plant maylive at the expense ofanother pa^^t. We know that the plantcannot make use of the ma-terials taken in by the rootsand leaves until these ma-terials have been elaboratedin the green parts. The elab-orated material is distributedto every living and growing-point. Some of this mate-rial is stored, particularly inthe fall, and from this storedmaterial the early bloom andgrowth of spring is partlyand sometimes largely made. Strong spring-shoots are supplied from other parts of the plantas w^ell as from newly appropriated this point Sorauer writes* that it must notbe forgotten that at the commencement every. 115. Renewal of theleader on the root. * Physiology of Plants for tlie Use of Gardeners, translated byWeiss, 146. WATERSPROUTS 155 young shoot draws like a parasite upon the foodmatter of the older branch; this applies as muchto the consumption of water as to the stored-upmaterial. More than this, one shoot may rob another, andthereby grow the faster. Shoots may be bothparasites and robbers. Very vigorous shootsrarely have leaf surface enough to supply theirown needs. Being profusely supplied with water,they appropriate building materials w^iich havebeen elaborated by other branches. Such shootsare watersprouts or suckers. Robbers should bearrested. 7. Watersprouts are results of a disturbed equi-lihrium of the plant; and the formationof ivatersprouts is influenced more by thevigor of the plant and the amount of j^run-ing than hy the season of the year inivhich the p)runing is done
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