. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. MANURE MARANTA 983 Limited amounts of bedding were used in the tests from wliich the foregoing figures were made. Kind of animal. Value per year. Fowls (1,000 lbs. of) $51 10 Sheep " " 26 09 Calves " " 24 45 Pigs " " 60 88 Cows " " 29 27 Horses " " 27 74 Usuallj
. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. MANURE MARANTA 983 Limited amounts of bedding were used in the tests from wliich the foregoing figures were made. Kind of animal. Value per year. Fowls (1,000 lbs. of) $51 10 Sheep " " 26 09 Calves " " 24 45 Pigs " " 60 88 Cows " " 29 27 Horses " " 27 74 Usuallj' these animals are kept in the stables but half of the year, and inevitably some loss will occur, therefore it will be safe to estimate the recovered value j)er year at one-third to one-fourth of the above. Heretofore the waste of the valuable constituents of Manures in the United States has been very great. Until recently, large, open barnyards have been the rule. In the northern and central parts of the United States the rainfall exceeds 30 inches per annum. Many barnyards contain from a quarter to half an acre. One inch of rainfall equals 113 tons of water per acre. If this be mul- tipUed by thirty, a fairly accurate estimate is secured of the water which largely passes through or over the Ma. nure and carries oft its most soluble and hence most valuable constituents. The loss of value in Manures exposed at Ithaca, in loose heaps of from two to ten tons, during six months, was as follows: 1889. Horse manure 425( 1890. Horse manure 62 ^ 1890. Cow manure 30 â ; 1889. Mixed, compacted 9 5o Even in horticulture, where a more liberal use of Manure than in general farming is admissable, too much reliance is often placed on Manures and too little on tillage. Manures may furnish plant-food, improve the physical condition of the soil, conserve and increase heat and moisture. Ten to twenty times as much food as the plants can utilize is sometimes applied. Growth and development are
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