. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution . 68. ^ 302 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1888. ers, indifferent marksmen, and wanting in that coolness and nerve forwhich the hunting Indians of the interior are the animals hunted for their skins as men-tioned, there may be added the fox, wolf, mink, mar-ten, laud-otter, and an occasional Canada lynx andwolverine on the mainland. The method of dressingthe skin is not different from that of the interiorIndians, so generally described in works of skin scrapers or dressers are either of stone orbone, a
. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution . 68. ^ 302 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1888. ers, indifferent marksmen, and wanting in that coolness and nerve forwhich the hunting Indians of the interior are the animals hunted for their skins as men-tioned, there may be added the fox, wolf, mink, mar-ten, laud-otter, and an occasional Canada lynx andwolverine on the mainland. The method of dressingthe skin is not different from that of the interiorIndians, so generally described in works of skin scrapers or dressers are either of stone orbone, and of the pattern shown in Fig. 79 h, PlateXX and Fig. 19k. Ermine and marmot.—In Figs. 145 a and 145& areshown two bone trap sticks, to which are fastenedthe sinew nooses used in the capture of ermine andmarmot. Those for ermine are somewhat smallerthan those shown in the figure. They are, more-over, sometimes made of wood instead of bone, andare elaborately carved in totemic designs. These(TUDgit. EmmooBCouection.) ^^q specimcDS arc from the Emmons Fig. 145 a, Trap-sticks. VI. LAND-WORKS, HOUSES, VILLAGES. Dwellings in general on the northwest coast may be classed as thefortifled and the uni)rotected. These may be either temporary or per-manent. LAND-WORKS: FORTIFICATIONS. In the past century, the form, location, and construction ot villageshave undergone considerable change in this region. The rules or prac-tices of war were such as to entail the necessity for some form of forti-fication. Often, in addition to the regular villages, fortifications wereerected near by, into which they might withdraw in time of danger, butsometimes fortified sites were permanently occupied. Before the adventof the whites, two considerations of prime importance obtained in thelocation of a site for a village, (1) proximity to halibut banks and fish-ing grounds, and (2) possibility of fortification against attack. Van-couver says of the Kake villages, at the head of Keku Str
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