. The Canadian field-naturalist. 430 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 104. Figure 1. Map of the western base of Long Point, Ontario, indicating study sites mentioned in the text. Lake Erie and encompassing Long Point Bay. Sand dunes and marshes that support B. are abundant. Human presence is restricted to private cottages near Long Point Park and camping sites within the Park from May to September. At all breeding sites, except Hastings (Figure 1), the water was continuous with Long Point Bay. Dominant marsh vegetation included cattails (Typha), sedges {Scirpus) and reedgrass (Phra
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 430 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 104. Figure 1. Map of the western base of Long Point, Ontario, indicating study sites mentioned in the text. Lake Erie and encompassing Long Point Bay. Sand dunes and marshes that support B. are abundant. Human presence is restricted to private cottages near Long Point Park and camping sites within the Park from May to September. At all breeding sites, except Hastings (Figure 1), the water was continuous with Long Point Bay. Dominant marsh vegetation included cattails (Typha), sedges {Scirpus) and reedgrass (Phragmites). Vegetation was only emerging (3- 5 cm) when we first arrived at Long Point on 2 May but by 2 June, dominant plants had grown at least 30 cm. Each site was surveyed regularly for as long as toads were calling. If three consecutive nights passed without hearing any toads at a particular site, we concluded that breeding had ended there. This rule was flexible as periods of cold weather could temporarily stop all toad activity. Hastings Drive was surveyed only from 4-10 May but the other sites were checked nightly from 6 May to 2 June. Individual toads were observed for periods of 10 min each {see Wells and Taigen 1984; Sullivan 1987). Toads were hand-captured, their cloacal temperatures were taken using a quick-reading thermometer (Miller & Weber Co.), and their snout-vent lengths (SVL) were measured to the nearest millimetre. All toads were toe-clipped for further identification (see Martof 1953). No more than two toes per foot were clipped in order to reduce possible risks of affecting survivorship (see Clarke 1972). Calling site characteristics (water depth and surface temperature, air temperature, vegetation, location, etc.) and the toad's behaviour, including calling rate (the number of calls per minute), movement, and calling attitude (percent of body exposed to air) were recorded. Nearest neighbour's identity and estimated distance (in feet) were also recorded.
Size: 2661px × 939px
Photo credit: © Book Worm / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookauthorottawafi, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookyear1919
