. Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. 81-82.— Five-ranked arrangement; 81, vertical diagram; 82, horizontal tioncd should diagram. nate or spiral arrangement are the three-ranked (Figs. 79 and 80), in which three leaves are passed in completing a turn round the stem, the fourth in vertical order standing over the first; and the five-ranked (Figs. 81 and 82), in which five leaves are passed in making two turns, and the sixth in numerical order stands above the first. This is the com- monest of all the modes of insertion, and the one that prevails among our fore
. Botany all the year round; a practical text-book for schools. Botany. 81-82.— Five-ranked arrangement; 81, vertical diagram; 82, horizontal tioncd should diagram. nate or spiral arrangement are the three-ranked (Figs. 79 and 80), in which three leaves are passed in completing a turn round the stem, the fourth in vertical order standing over the first; and the five-ranked (Figs. 81 and 82), in which five leaves are passed in making two turns, and the sixth in numerical order stands above the first. This is the com- monest of all the modes of insertion, and the one that prevails among our forest trees and shrubs. The two-ranked is characteristic of the grass family, and the three-ranked of the sedges, though both occur among other plants as well. Speci- mens of all the kinds men- be examined and compared with the dia- grams. There are other and more complicated arrange- ments, but they are not common enough to demand attention here. 53. Relation between Phyllo- taxy and the Shape of Leaves. — Compare the vertical distance between leaves on the same and on different twigs; are the inter- nodes all of the same length.' Where the internodes are short, the leaves will be crowded to- gether in closer vertical rows. A compact arrangement of this 83. —Narrow leaves in crowded sort tends to shut off light from ^\\c& rows, the lower leaves; hence, in plants where it prevails, the leaves are apt to be long and narrow in proportion to the frequency of the vertical rows. The yucca, oleander, Canada fleabane, and bitterweed {Helenijnn tenuifolium), all illustrate this Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Andrews, Eliza Frances, b. 1840. New York, Cincinnati [etc. ] American book company
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