. A text-book of comparative physiology for students and practitioners of comparative (veterinary) medicine . great variety in the alimentary tract, both anatomicaland physiological, must be expected. Vegetable food mustusually be eaten in much larger bulk to furnish the neededelements; hence the great length of intestine habitually foundin herbivorous animals, associated often with a capaciousand chambered stomach, furnishing a larger laboratory inwhich Nature may carry on her processes. To illustrate, thestomach of the ruminants consists of four parts (rumen, reticu-lum, omasum or psalterium
. A text-book of comparative physiology for students and practitioners of comparative (veterinary) medicine . great variety in the alimentary tract, both anatomicaland physiological, must be expected. Vegetable food mustusually be eaten in much larger bulk to furnish the neededelements; hence the great length of intestine habitually foundin herbivorous animals, associated often with a capaciousand chambered stomach, furnishing a larger laboratory inwhich Nature may carry on her processes. To illustrate, thestomach of the ruminants consists of four parts (rumen, reticu-lum, omasum or psalterium, abomasum). The food whencropped is immediately swallowed; so that the paunch (rumen)is a mere storehouse in which it is softened, though but littlechanged otherwise; and it would seem that real gastric digestionis almost confined to the last division, which may be compared 282 COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. to the simple stomach, of the Carnivora or of man ; and, beforethe food reaches this region, it has been thoroughly masticatedand mixed with saliva. The stomach of the horse is small, though the intestine,. Fig. 229.—The viscera of a rabbit, as seen upon simply opening the cavities of thethorax and abdomen without any further dissection. A, cavity of the thorax,pleural cavity on either side; fi, diaphragm; C, ventricles of the heart; Z>, auri-cles; E, pulmonary artery; F, aorta; G. lungs collapsed, and occupying only backpart, of chest; //, lateral portions of pleural membranes; /.cartilage at. the endof sternum (ensiform cartilage); K, portion of the wall of body left between thoraxand abdomen; «, cut ends of the ribs; L, the liver, in this case lying more to theleft than to the right of the body; M, the stomach, a large part of the greatercurvature beting shown; IV, duodenum; O. small intestine; P, the cfecum, solargely developed in this and other herbivorous animals; Q, the large ) DIGESTION OF FOOD. 283 especially the laige gut is capacious. The stomach
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