Chemistry : general, medical, and pharmaceutical including the chemistry of the ; a manual on the general principles of the science, and their applications in medicine and pharmacy . spoken of as the metals ofthe alkaline earths. Note.—In connection with the bivalence of the metals Barium,Calcium, and Magnesium, it is interesting to note that just as biva-lent acidulous radicals give salts containing two atoms of univalentbasylous radicals (, NaHS04, H2C03, KNaC4H406), so biva-lent basylous radicals yield salts containing two atoms of univalentacidulous radicals, as seen
Chemistry : general, medical, and pharmaceutical including the chemistry of the ; a manual on the general principles of the science, and their applications in medicine and pharmacy . spoken of as the metals ofthe alkaline earths. Note.—In connection with the bivalence of the metals Barium,Calcium, and Magnesium, it is interesting to note that just as biva-lent acidulous radicals give salts containing two atoms of univalentbasylous radicals (, NaHS04, H2C03, KNaC4H406), so biva-lent basylous radicals yield salts containing two atoms of univalentacidulous radicals, as seen in acetonitrate of barium, BaC2H302N03,a salt which is a definite compound, and not a mere mixture of ace-tate with nitrate of barium. A very large number of such salts isknown. Distillation. The water with which, in analysis, solution of a salt or dilution ofa liquid is effected should be pure. Well or river-water (Aqua, P.) is unfit for the purpose, because containing alkaline and earthysalts (about 20 to CO grains per gallon), derived from the soilthrough which the water percolates, and rain-water is not unfre-quently contaminated with the dust and debris which fall on the Fig. roofs whence it is usually collected. Such water is purified by dis-tillation, an operation in which the water is by ebullition convertedinto steam, and the steam condensed again to water in a separatevessel, the fixed earthy and other salts remaining in the vessel inwhich the water is boiled. On the large scale, ebullition is effectedin metal boilers having a hood or head in which is a lateral openingthrough which passes the steam ; on the small scale, either a commonglass flask is employed, into the neck of which, by a cork, is inserteda glass tube bent to an acute angle, or a retort is used (a, Fig. 28), asort of long-necked Florence flask, dextrously bent near the body bythe glass-worker to an appropriate angle (hence the name retort,from retorqueo, to bend back). Condensation is effe
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