. Introduction to inorganic chemistry . the gas:C\ (dissd) <=± CI2(gas). The shapeof the apparatuskeeps the two prod-ucts from presence of thechlorine in the liq-uid at the positiveend may be shownby a suitable test(pp. 99 and 17§). In commercechlorine is now ob-tained chiefly bythis method, sodium chloride or potassium chloride being the source of the element. Elec-trodes of artificial graphite are used, as most other conductors unite withthe chlorine. The potassium or sodium, as the case may be, travelstowards the negative electrode, but is not liberated (p. 99). Instead,pota
. Introduction to inorganic chemistry . the gas:C\ (dissd) <=± CI2(gas). The shapeof the apparatuskeeps the two prod-ucts from presence of thechlorine in the liq-uid at the positiveend may be shownby a suitable test(pp. 99 and 17§). In commercechlorine is now ob-tained chiefly bythis method, sodium chloride or potassium chloride being the source of the element. Elec-trodes of artificial graphite are used, as most other conductors unite withthe chlorine. The potassium or sodium, as the case may be, travelstowards the negative electrode, but is not liberated (p. 99). Instead,potassium or sodium hydroxide accumulates in the solution round theplate and hydrogen escapes. The chlorine is released at the positiveelectrode, as usual. The hydroxide and the chlorine both find chemi-cal applications. The chlorine is either liquefied by compression iniron cylinders or employed at once for making bleaching powder (). In the Acker process (), melted, impure sodium chloride, with-out any solvent, is Fia. 65. 170 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Action of Free Oxygen on Chlorides. — Oxygen does not inter-act with sodium chloride even at a high temperature. Hence thechlorine must first be transferred to some other form of the interaction of acids, of which the most commonly used is sul-phuric acid, with chlorides, of which the cheapest is sodium chloride,we obtain hydrogen chloride. The details of this action are describedbelow (p. 178). In order to liberate chlorine from this compound, wemay combine the hydrogen with oxygen obtained from the air. Theaction is in accordance with the equation : 2HC1 + 0 -^ H3O -f- 2C1. The two gases interact so slowly, however, that a catalytic agent mustbe The mixture of air and hydrogen chloride is passedover pieces of heated pumice-stone or broken brick previously saturatedwith cupric. chloride solution. A temperature of 370°-400° is the resulting gas the chlorine is mixed with stea
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