. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. y // ? cr. Acrodonta I Acrodonta FIG. 9. Various hypotheses of the relationships of Tinosaurus sp. MPH within Acrodonta based on data in Table 1. Outgroup constructed using polarity decisions. In parts A-D, the described phylogenetic scaffold was enforced; part E shows unconstrained results. A. Uromastyx and Leiolepis form a clade that is the sister to the remainder of a monophyletic Agamidae (after Moody 1980; also Honda et al. 2000 under maximum parsimony). B. Leiolepis and Uromastyx form successive outgroups to the remainder of a monophyletic Agam
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. y // ? cr. Acrodonta I Acrodonta FIG. 9. Various hypotheses of the relationships of Tinosaurus sp. MPH within Acrodonta based on data in Table 1. Outgroup constructed using polarity decisions. In parts A-D, the described phylogenetic scaffold was enforced; part E shows unconstrained results. A. Uromastyx and Leiolepis form a clade that is the sister to the remainder of a monophyletic Agamidae (after Moody 1980; also Honda et al. 2000 under maximum parsimony). B. Leiolepis and Uromastyx form successive outgroups to the remainder of a monophyletic Agamidae (after Macey et al. 2000). C. Uromastyx is basal in Acrodonta, followed by Chamaeleonidae, Leio- lepis, and the rest of Agamidae (Schulte & Cartwright 2009); D. Uromastyx and Leiolepis are sister-taxa, forming a clade that is the sister-group of other acrodontans. These topologies are not intended to cover all possibilities, nor is it implied that they are equally well supported or that the authors espouse their credited hypotheses to the exclusion of others. E. Strict consensus of 3 most-parsimonious trees (length = 13) that result from analysis of data in Table 1. The characters noted above support a general relationship between North American Tinosaurus and the living clades Uromastyx and/or Leiolepis, but are partly contradictory in detail. Tinosaurus sp. MPH shows derived similarity to Leiolepis and Uromastyx within Acrodonta in the following two respects: strong median cleft on palatal shelf of premaxilla present; and prefrontal facet on frontal rotated to face laterally or dorsolaterally. Tinosaurus sp. MPH shows derived similarity to Uromastyx within Acrodonta in the following two respects: anterior premaxillary foramina present (at least variably); and nearly verti- cal orientation of lateral surface of crista cranii on frontal. Tinosaurus sp. MPH shows derived similar- ity to Leiolepis within Acrodonta in as many as six respects: relatively high premaxillary
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