. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. Phonoreception 483 ences in the two ears may be as much as 30 db, thereby contributing materially to the problem of localization. A phase difference means that the sound pressure reaches a maximum at one ear shortly before it does at the other ear. This should give rise to time differences of nerve impulses in corresponding nerve fibers from the two ears, especially for low frequency sounds, , below 800 cycles. Some individuals are very sensitive to this "phase effect," and others are apparently in
. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. Phonoreception 483 ences in the two ears may be as much as 30 db, thereby contributing materially to the problem of localization. A phase difference means that the sound pressure reaches a maximum at one ear shortly before it does at the other ear. This should give rise to time differences of nerve impulses in corresponding nerve fibers from the two ears, especially for low frequency sounds, , below 800 cycles. Some individuals are very sensitive to this "phase effect," and others are apparently insensitive. In general, for localization the phase ef- fect seems to be more important at low frequencies, and the intensity effect at high. PHONORECEPTION BY OTHER VERTEBRATES In lower vertebrates the hearing mechanism is not nearly so well devel- oped as it is in mammals. From a very slight development in certain fishes it is possible to trace phylogenetic series showing the development of the audi- tory organ (Fig. 161). The sacculus and semicircular canals are found in cyclostomes and in all higher chordates. Hagfishes, however, have only one. Utriculus Socculus Utriculus' [^' Lagena Sacculus. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Prosser, C. Ladd (Clifford Ladd), 1907-; Bishop, David W. Philadelphia, Saunders
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