The elements of botany for The elements of botany for beginners and for schools elementsbotany00gray Year: 1887 which facilitates the dis[)er- sion of the seeds by the wind (Fig. 412,413). InArbor- Vitaj, the scales of the small cone are few, and not very unlike the leaves. In Cy- press tiiey are very thick at the top and narrow at the base, so as to make a peculiar sort of closed cone. In Juniper and Ked Cedar, the few scales of the very small cone become fleshy, and ripen into a fruit which closely resembles a berry. Section XV. THE SEED. 380. Seeds are the final product of the flower, t
The elements of botany for The elements of botany for beginners and for schools elementsbotany00gray Year: 1887 which facilitates the dis[)er- sion of the seeds by the wind (Fig. 412,413). InArbor- Vitaj, the scales of the small cone are few, and not very unlike the leaves. In Cy- press tiiey are very thick at the top and narrow at the base, so as to make a peculiar sort of closed cone. In Juniper and Ked Cedar, the few scales of the very small cone become fleshy, and ripen into a fruit which closely resembles a berry. Section XV. THE SEED. 380. Seeds are the final product of the flower, to which all its parts and offices are subservient. Like the ovule from which it originates, a seed consists of coats and kernel. 381. The Seed-coats are commonly two (320), the outer and the inner. Fig. 414 shows the two, in a seed cut tlirough lengthwise. The outer coat is often hard or crustaceous, whence it is called the Testa, or shell of the seed; the inner is almost al- ways thin and delicate. 382. The shape and the markings, so various in different seeds, depend mostly on the outer coat. Sometimes this fits the kernel closely ; sometimes it is expanded into a winff, as in the Trum- pet-Creeper (Fig. 415), and occasionally this wing is cut up into shreds or tufts, as in the Catalpa (Fig. 416); or instead of a wing it may bear a Coma, or tuft of long and soft hairs, as in the Milkweed or Silkweed (Fig. 417). The use of wings, or downy tufts is to render tlie seeds buoyant
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