. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. Fig. 2.—Bacillus larvae, growing form. brood" and it still is usually meant and interpreted when the term "foul- brood" is used alone. Since there are two especially important and very different "foulbrood," two names were needed to designate them. In the different countries diiTerent names have been chosen and are be- ing used. Probably all of those se- lected are more or less open to criti- cism. The name American foulbrood is being used in this country at the present time for the disease which is characterized by the death
. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. Fig. 2.—Bacillus larvae, growing form. brood" and it still is usually meant and interpreted when the term "foul- brood" is used alone. Since there are two especially important and very different "foulbrood," two names were needed to designate them. In the different countries diiTerent names have been chosen and are be- ing used. Probably all of those se- lected are more or less open to criti- cism. The name American foulbrood is being used in this country at the present time for the disease which is characterized by the death of brood in capped cells, ropiness and foul odor, and the name European foul- brood for the one which is not so characterized.* Cause of American Foulbrood American foulbrood occurs t least in Belgium, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Switzerland, Aus- tria, New Zealand, Canada, Cuba and in many parts of the United States. From this distribution of the disease it follows naturally that its presence in any locality connot be attributed * By employing the names which are being used in this country for these two diseases, the writer is expressing no opinion as to the best ones which have been suggested and used. A previous discussion of names for the foulbroods occurs in an earlier article in the American Bee Journal, July and August, entirely to food or climatic condi- tions. No race of honeybees, as far as is known, is entirely immune to the dis- ease. Worker, drone and queen larvae are susceptible to infection; the adult bees are not. The inciting cause of the disease is a gerin which is called Bacillus lar- vae. When this parasite is added to honey or .=yrup and fed to a healthy colony the disease is produced (Fig. 1). It is a small rod-shaped plant (Fig. 2) that can be seen only by the use of a microscope, and then only when it is magnified 600 diameters or more. It produces spores, which are somewhat like seed (Fig. 3). These spores (Fig. 4) are so small that if 2
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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1860, booksubjectbees, bookyear1861
