. The Pennsylvania-German Society : [Publications]. agent inBerlin (Dip. Cor., Vol. 9, p. 346) and Deane asked ifCarmichael would be received, and Carmichael went inthe autumn of I776by way of Amsterdam to Berlin. Car-michael showed ability in explaining the mutual advantageof trade between Prussia and America, but the King wasnot ready for a treaty, nor even to recognize Carmichaelin any other than his private and personal character. Ap-pointed in September, 1776, Franklin, Deane and ArthurLee addressed the Prussian government on the subject ofestablishing trade relations with the colonies. T
. The Pennsylvania-German Society : [Publications]. agent inBerlin (Dip. Cor., Vol. 9, p. 346) and Deane asked ifCarmichael would be received, and Carmichael went inthe autumn of I776by way of Amsterdam to Berlin. Car-michael showed ability in explaining the mutual advantageof trade between Prussia and America, but the King wasnot ready for a treaty, nor even to recognize Carmichaelin any other than his private and personal character. Ap-pointed in September, 1776, Franklin, Deane and ArthurLee addressed the Prussian government on the subject ofestablishing trade relations with the colonies. The Kingpromptly pointed out the practical impossibility of com-merce, in the absence of either Prussian or American shipsto carry it on, and asked for further information as tothe method of exchanging Prussian and American commissioners tried to enlist Fredericks help in pre-venting the shipment of German soldiers to serve theEnglish in America, and promised to send a minister toBerlin to discuss commercial relations. The King replied. Frederick the Great and the United States. 13 through his minister that an American agent might cometo Berlin, but could have no official recognition, and thatuntil America had established its independence, he couldnot enter into any treaty with it. Lee went to Berlin andat once set to work to point out the advantages and possi-bility of direct commercial relations between Prussia andAmerica. There was an active correspondence betweenLee and the Prussian minister, but the King simply al-lowed it to be carried on that he might gain time and infor-mation. He refused absolutely to open Emden to Amer-ican privateers, lest he should be involved with England,much as he disliked the English government and itsAmerican policy. In his correspondence and conversationhe never spoke of the Americans as rebels and in writingto Voltaire, he sneered at the English, and in a letter toDAlembert he anticipated American independence asearly as October 5
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