A manual of practical obstetrics . acrum, that the long obstetrical forceps ismade with what is called its sacral curve. Material increaseor decrease in the degree of sacral curvature constitutes de-formity, and may render labor mechanically difficult or im-possible. Rarely, bony tumors (exostoses) spring from theanterior surface of the sacrum and obstruct delivery. Thissurface of the bone is pierced by the anterior sacral foramina,which give exit to the anterior sacral nerves. Third. Each lateral surface of the sacrum presents a rough,ear-shaped area—the auricular, articular surface—covered w
A manual of practical obstetrics . acrum, that the long obstetrical forceps ismade with what is called its sacral curve. Material increaseor decrease in the degree of sacral curvature constitutes de-formity, and may render labor mechanically difficult or im-possible. Rarely, bony tumors (exostoses) spring from theanterior surface of the sacrum and obstruct delivery. Thissurface of the bone is pierced by the anterior sacral foramina,which give exit to the anterior sacral nerves. Third. Each lateral surface of the sacrum presents a rough,ear-shaped area—the auricular, articular surface—covered withcartilage, which joins a similar shaped surface on the iliacbone, constituting the sacro-iliae synchondrosis. The posteriorends of the oblique diameters of the pelvic brim terminate atthe sacro-iliac synchondroses. That portion of the bone ex-tending from the sacro-iliac synchondrosis to the side of thebody of the first sacral vertebra is called the wing {aid) ofthe sacrum; one on each side, of course. (See Fig. 1.) Fig. 1 Antero-posterior (conjugate). 2. Bis-iliac .transverse). 3. Oblique. fourth. The apex, or inferior extremity of the sacrum, pre-sents a transversely oval facet, covered with cartilage, forarticulation with a corresponding oval surface upon the sacro-coccygeal articulation is an amphiarthrosis or mixedjoint, furnished with a synovial membrane, and is movable; THE INNOMINATE BONE. 27 that is, the childs head during its passage out of the pelvisforces the coccyx backward, so as to leave more room betweenits tip and the symphysis pubis. In women past the prime oflife this joint becomes anchylosed, the coccyx refuses to yieldbefore the advancing head, and hence difficult labor. Fifth. It is of the utmost importance to remember that thevertical measurement of the sacrum and coccyx, in the medianline—i. e., from the centre of the sacral promontory above, tothe tip of the coccyx below—the line of measurement beinga chord of the sacro-coccyge
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