. The student's American history . 1861.] THE WAR OF SECESSION. 413 Chambi thence northwesterly through Missouri to Fort Leavenworth,and onward toward the Pacific. The total number of Uniontroops was about 180,000, confronted by a Confederate armyof about 150,000. As the summer wore on the newspapers became Northern press cried: On to Richmond; the Southern, On to Washing-ton. Scott wastoo old and infirmto take the field,— he did notthink the Unionarmy ready to ad-vance; but yield-ing to pressure,reluctantly or-dered McDowellto move againstBeauregard. TheUnion men wentout as if o
. The student's American history . 1861.] THE WAR OF SECESSION. 413 Chambi thence northwesterly through Missouri to Fort Leavenworth,and onward toward the Pacific. The total number of Uniontroops was about 180,000, confronted by a Confederate armyof about 150,000. As the summer wore on the newspapers became Northern press cried: On to Richmond; the Southern, On to Washing-ton. Scott wastoo old and infirmto take the field,— he did notthink the Unionarmy ready to ad-vance; but yield-ing to pressure,reluctantly or-dered McDowellto move againstBeauregard. TheUnion men wentout as if on aholiday excursion,stopping to pickblackberries asthey went along. The first greatbattle of the warensued (July 21,1861) at Bull Run.* The forces engaged were of equal strength,but, as General Joseph E. Johnston admits, the Confederates had. SCALE OF I I 100 * Official estimates give the Union forces engaged at about 18,000 ;Confederate forces engaged at about 18,000; Union loss, 2896; Con-federate loss, 1982. - No absolutely accurate returns are obtainable. Seethe Century Companys TJattles and Leaders of the Civil War, I. 19!,195. In all reports of battles General Grants statement should be l)orne in 414 THE students AMERICAN HISTORY. [I86I. the great advantage of being strongly posted and of fighting onthe defensive. The beginning of the battle promised the suc-cess of the Union troops ; but Johnston brought up reinforce-ments, and at a critical moment General Jackson — whosestubborn steadfastness here gained him the name of Stone-wall Jackson — checked the federal advance by a bayonetcharge.**^ Immediately afterward fresh Confederate reinforce-ments came up by rail from the Shenandoah Valley, struck theUnion troops a sudden and terrible blow on the flank, and drovethem from the field. Their broken ranks
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