. The Catholic encyclopedia (Volume 4); an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline and history of the Catholic Church . sing the word , St. Paulinus of Nola, writing of the great Jeru-salem relic (c. 410), declares that the bishop offeredit to the people for worship (crucem quotannis ado-randam populo promit), and first adored it himself.(See P. L., LXI, 325.) A curious practice was alsointroduced of anointing the cross, or, on occasion,any image or picture, with balm (balsamo) beforepresenting it for the veneration of the faithful. Thiscustom was
. The Catholic encyclopedia (Volume 4); an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline and history of the Catholic Church . sing the word , St. Paulinus of Nola, writing of the great Jeru-salem relic (c. 410), declares that the bishop offeredit to the people for worship (crucem quotannis ado-randam populo promit), and first adored it himself.(See P. L., LXI, 325.) A curious practice was alsointroduced of anointing the cross, or, on occasion,any image or picture, with balm (balsamo) beforepresenting it for the veneration of the faithful. Thiscustom was transferred to Rome, and we hear muchof it in connexion with the very ancient reliquary ofthe True Cross and also the supposed miraculous por-trait of Our Saviour (acheiropoieta, i. e. not made bythe hand of man) preserved in the Sancta Sanctorumof the Lateran, both of which recently, together witha multitude of other objects, have been examinedand reported on by papal permission (see Grisar, Dieromische Kapelle Sancta Sanctorum und ihr Schatz,Freiburg, 1908, 91, 92). The objects mentioned werecompletely covered in part with solidified balm. Pope. SILVER (CAPITULAR) PROCESSIONALCROSS, XVI CENTURY PITTI PALACE, FLORENCl 3. BRONZE CRUCIFIX-GIOVANNI DA BOLOGNA PITTI PALACE, FLORENCE BRONZE ALTAR CRUCIFIX—BENEDETTO 4. IVORY CRUCIFIX—DONATELLO (DONATODA MAJANO DI NICOLO DI BETTO BARDI) CATHEDRAL, FLORENCE PITTI PALACE, FLORENCE CROSS 537 CROSS Adrian I, in vindicating the veneration of images toCharlemagne, mentions this use of balm and defendsit (Mansi, Concilia, XIII, 778). The ceremony ofthe adoration of the Cross on Good Friday must havespread through the West in the seventh and eighthcenturies, for it appears in the Gelasian Sacramentaryand is presupposed in the Gregorian in Anglo-Saxon England and in the England ofthe later Middle Ages the Creeping to the Cross wasa ceremony which made a deep impression on thepopular mind. St. Louis of France and other
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