. Maryland School Journal (1879-1880) . ietal plaeentce (from paries a wall.)The seed are attached to these parietal placentae and when theovary opens, it does so by splitting down at the corners, thusforming three valves as shown in figure 4 (3). Make a verticalsection through a whole flower, splitting the spur of the petalinto two parts and you will find as in figure 5, that the stamens are attached under the this reason they are called hypog-yuous, from two Greek words, whichmean under the late do violets keep in bloom?P.—I have never seen them afterMay. T.—The flowers
. Maryland School Journal (1879-1880) . ietal plaeentce (from paries a wall.)The seed are attached to these parietal placentae and when theovary opens, it does so by splitting down at the corners, thusforming three valves as shown in figure 4 (3). Make a verticalsection through a whole flower, splitting the spur of the petalinto two parts and you will find as in figure 5, that the stamens are attached under the this reason they are called hypog-yuous, from two Greek words, whichmean under the late do violets keep in bloom?P.—I have never seen them afterMay. T.—The flowers which we havebeen examining do not generallyFigure 5. bloom later than May, but if you will look at some of these plants in June or July, you willfind on them what appear to be buds. These are called cleis-togene flowers and have no petals; but they are perfect flowersand produce more seed than the petulous flowers do. This violet which we have been examining is called Violacueullata. It is the most common of all violets and grows. First Lessons in Botany. 225 everywhere; in dry and in moist places. There is a verycommon yellow violet which grows in rocky places, Violarotundifolia, and another white violet, Viola blanda, whichgrows in swampy places. Among those cultivated, are thePansy, ( Viola tricolor) and the common sweet violet, Violaodorata. The Pansy is caulescent, ( has a visible stem)and has very conspicuous stipules, but no cleistogene flowerssince it is only the acaulescent species that bear these. Thepetals of the Pansy are very much enlarged by cultivation,and the colors become strangely mixed, but we cannot dwellupon their peculiarities. Now let us put the analysis of Violacucullata on the black-board. ANALYSIS. Plant.—Perennial, acaulescent herb, six to twelve incheshigh. Root.—Perennial, axis branching into fibres. Stem.—Subterranean, arhizome. Leaves.—Radical, on long petioles, cordate, cucullate,palmi-veined, crenate, stipulate. Inflorescence.
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