. A dictionary of arts, manufactures and mines : containing a clear exposition of their principles and practice. m project a very little beyondthe brickwork. One end has a disc or round plate of cast iron, well fitted, and firmly boltedto it, from the centre of which disc an iron tube, about 6 inches diameter, proceeds andenters, at a risrht angle, the main tube of refrigeration. The diameter of this tube may befrom 9 to 14 inches, according to the number of cylinders. The other end of the cylinderis called the mouth of the retort; this is closed by a disc of iron, smeared round its edgeby cla
. A dictionary of arts, manufactures and mines : containing a clear exposition of their principles and practice. m project a very little beyondthe brickwork. One end has a disc or round plate of cast iron, well fitted, and firmly boltedto it, from the centre of which disc an iron tube, about 6 inches diameter, proceeds andenters, at a risrht angle, the main tube of refrigeration. The diameter of this tube may befrom 9 to 14 inches, according to the number of cylinders. The other end of the cylinderis called the mouth of the retort; this is closed by a disc of iron, smeared round its edgeby clay lute, and secured in its place by fir wedges. The charge of wood for such a cylin-der is about 8 cwt. The hard woods—oak, ash, birch, and beech—are alone used; fir doesnot answer. The heat is kept up during the day-time, and the furnace is allowed to coolduring the night. Next morning the door is opened, the charcoal removed, and a newcliarge of wood is introduced. The average product of crude vinegar called pyrolig-neous acid, is 35 gallons. It is much contaminated with tar, is of a deep brown color,. ACETIC ACID. li and has a sp. gr. of 1-025. Its total weight is therefore about 300 lbs., but the residuarycharcoal is found to weigh no more than one fifth of the wood employed; hence nearlyone half of the ponderable matter of the wood is dissipated in incondensable Rumford states, that the charcoal is equal in weight to more than four tenths ofthe wood from which it is made. The counts error seems to have arisen from the slightheat of an oven to which his wood was exposed in a glass cylinder. The result nowgiven, is the experience of an eminent manufacturing chemist. The crude pyroligneous acid is rectified by a second distillation in a copper still, in thebody of which about twenty gallons of viscid tarry matter are left from every 100. It hasnow become a transparent brown vinegar, having a considerably empyreumatic smell,and a sp. gr. of 1-013. Its acid powe
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1840, booksubje, booksubjecttechnology
