. The world's inhabitants; or, Mankind, animals, and plants; being a popular account of the races and nations of mankind, past and present, and the animals and plants inhabiting the great continents and principal islands. the hands of Venice for more than four hundred ^i^i^-years. The Venetians combined the promotion of material prosperitywith oppressive government, and many times the people rebelled. In 1645 the Turks first attacked Crete seriously ; and in 1648 beganthe celebrated siege of the chief city, Candia, which lasted till September1669, when Crete passed under Turkish rule. Many of
. The world's inhabitants; or, Mankind, animals, and plants; being a popular account of the races and nations of mankind, past and present, and the animals and plants inhabiting the great continents and principal islands. the hands of Venice for more than four hundred ^i^i^-years. The Venetians combined the promotion of material prosperitywith oppressive government, and many times the people rebelled. In 1645 the Turks first attacked Crete seriously ; and in 1648 beganthe celebrated siege of the chief city, Candia, which lasted till September1669, when Crete passed under Turkish rule. Many of the Turkishinhabitants became Mahometans; and the island was one of worst governed portions of the Turkish empire. From 1821 to 1830,the Cretans valiantly fought for independence; and in 1830 the island wastransferred to the sway of Mehemet Ah, viceroy of Egypt. But this onlylasted ten years ; and while recent Turkish rule has allowed some localself-government, revolts have again and again occurred, which have taskedthe power of Turkey to repress. The mountaineers, known as Sfakiots,have all along preserved much independence, and retain to a large extentthe customs and manners of their CHAPTER )e Curfew, Mongolian origin of the Turks—The Ottoman Turks—Early conquests—Taking of Constantinople—Decline of Turkish power—Turkish officialism—The Turk a warrior—Marriages with Cir-cassians and Europeans—Character of the Turks—Education. THE Turks are among the mostaKen inhabitauts of Europe—aruling caste rather than a nation—a proselytising company of Ma-hometans who have succeeded inabsorbing many subject and diverseraces by force, or in making themassume the outward garb of Ma-hometanism. They are Mongolian -^ origin of the truly a Mongoloid people,^^ * not Semitic like the Sara-cens, although they entered Europeby the southern route, from AsiaMinor. They are the last of thegreat invaders of Europe. Sincetheir coming, Europe ha
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectcivilization, bookyea
