. Principles of economic zoo?logy. Zoology, Economic. LEPIDOPTERA 173 The cabbage butterflies (Pl'eris) (Fig. 143), of which there are three species in the different sections of the United States, are the most de- structive to agricultural products of any of our butterflies. They have three broods in the North and more in the South. The wings of Pieris rapce are a dirty white above, tinged with yellowish in the female. The base and apex of the fore wings are blackish and the female has two black dots on the fore wings; the male has but one. There is a black spot on the anterior margin of the h
. Principles of economic zoo?logy. Zoology, Economic. LEPIDOPTERA 173 The cabbage butterflies (Pl'eris) (Fig. 143), of which there are three species in the different sections of the United States, are the most de- structive to agricultural products of any of our butterflies. They have three broods in the North and more in the South. The wings of Pieris rapce are a dirty white above, tinged with yellowish in the female. The base and apex of the fore wings are blackish and the female has two black dots on the fore wings; the male has but one. There is a black spot on the anterior margin of the hind wing. In the male it is indistinct. The larva is green, with a narrow greenish-yellow band upon the back and a similar narrow broken " stigmatal ; It is covered with fine short hairs. It feeds upon cabbage and other cruciferous plants. It is exceedingly hard to combat, from the facts that there are so many. Fig. 143.—Cabbage-worm and butterfly (Pontia ra'pce): a, Female; b, egg; c, worm eating on a cabbage leaf; d, suspended chrysalis; a, c, and d slightly enlarged. (Chittenden, Cir. 60, B. Ent., U. S. D. A.) broods and that the larva bores into the heart of the cabbage. The work of extermination must necessarily be done before the cabbage begins to head. Fresh pyrethrum and kerosene emulsion are helpful. It is hardly safe to use Paris green except with quite young plants. The gossamer winged butterflies {Lyccxni'dce) include three well-marked groups which are commonly distinguished by their various colors as the "blues," "the coppers," and the "; They are quite small and delicate. The larvse are slug-like. The " blues" are often seen flitting about mud-puddles. Several species of the family are carnivorous. One of them, the " harvester " (Penis'eca tarquin'ius), common east of the Mississippi River, is small, with the " upper surface of wings dark brown, with a large irregular yellow patch
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