. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative; Vertebrates -- Anatomy. (ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, AND INTESTINE. 233 The large intestine has a straight course, is often consider- ably swollen, and opens into a cloaca. An account of the allan- tois of the Amniota will be found in a subsequent chapter (p. 273). From the Eeptilia onwards a process (generally asymmetrical) of the anterior portion of the large intestine is usually formed, giving rise to a caecum or blind-gut. The function of the bursse anales of Chelonia, which consist of paired csecal outgrowths of the cloac
. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative; Vertebrates -- Anatomy. (ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, AND INTESTINE. 233 The large intestine has a straight course, is often consider- ably swollen, and opens into a cloaca. An account of the allan- tois of the Amniota will be found in a subsequent chapter (p. 273). From the Eeptilia onwards a process (generally asymmetrical) of the anterior portion of the large intestine is usually formed, giving rise to a caecum or blind-gut. The function of the bursse anales of Chelonia, which consist of paired csecal outgrowths of the cloacal wall, is not understood. Birds.—In correspondence with the kind of nutriment, the mode of life, and the absence of teeth, a division of labour occurs in the stomach of Birds, which, instead of remaining simple, generally becomes divided into two portions, an anterior and a Oe —. FIG. 191.—DIAGRAM OF THE (ESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH OF A BIRD. Or, Oe1, oesophagus ; Ig, crop ; DM, glandular stomach ; MM, muscular stomach ; MD, duodenum. posterior. The former (Fig. 191, DM), which, on account of its richness in glands, is called the glandular stomach (proventri- culus), alone takes part in dissolving the food; while the latter (Fig. 191, MM], which is lined by a horny layer consisting of a hardened glandular secretion, has simply a mechanical function, in correlation with which a very thick muscular wall provided with two tendinous disks is developed. The latter portion is for this reason spoken of as the muscular stomach, or gizzard, and the degree of its development stands. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Wiedersheim, Robert, 1848-1923; Parker, W. N. (William Newton), d. 1923. London, New York, Macmillan
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