. Practical electricity in medicine and surgery. Fig. 106.—Water Rheostat. Fig. 197.—Daily Current Regulator. Electrodes, or Rheophores.—Electrodes are instrumentsthrough which electricity is applied to the body. They vary insize and shape with the special purpose for which they are used. * Electricity in the Diseases of Women. Philadelphia : F. A. Davis. 1889. ELECTRODES, OR RHEOPHORES. 237 Those most frequently used are the ordinary flat electrodes, oneand one-half inches in diameter, and covered with sponge, orabsorbent cotton, as suggested by Dr. G. Betton Massey. Theabsorbent-cotton cover
. Practical electricity in medicine and surgery. Fig. 106.—Water Rheostat. Fig. 197.—Daily Current Regulator. Electrodes, or Rheophores.—Electrodes are instrumentsthrough which electricity is applied to the body. They vary insize and shape with the special purpose for which they are used. * Electricity in the Diseases of Women. Philadelphia : F. A. Davis. 1889. ELECTRODES, OR RHEOPHORES. 237 Those most frequently used are the ordinary flat electrodes, oneand one-half inches in diameter, and covered with sponge, orabsorbent cotton, as suggested by Dr. G. Betton Massey. Theabsorbent-cotton covering is much neater and cleaner than thesponge, and should come into general use. A new cover is usedfor each sitting. This electrode is only slightly larger than the normal electrode of Erb, and may be used ordinarily as atesting electrode in electro-diagnosis. The surface of all elec-trodes should be of metal, nickel-plated, or of carbon. For thegalvanic current the carbon electrodes are better, as they are not. Fig. -Erbs Electrodes. corroded by the electrolytic action when a saline solution is usedto moisten them. The cut (Fig. 198) shows a number of theelectrodes used by Erb. The smaller ones are used for finenerve-branches and small muscles, while the larger ones are usedfor determining the quantitative reaction of various indifferent electrode of Erb has a surface of fifty squarecentimetres, is oblong in shape, with a slightly concave surface,and well padded with cotton. Its size is about five by ten cen-timetres (two by four inches). This electrode is useful in stimu- 238 PRACTICAL ELECTRICITY IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY. lating large muscles to contraction and in applying electricity tothe chest, abdomen, and thighs; where large surfaces are to becovered at a time, still larger electrodes are used by Erb, vonZiemssen, and others. For the purpose of stimulating the sensation of the skin,or of producing reflex muscular contraction by irritation of theskin, t
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