. Text book of vertebrate zoology. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative. REPTILES. 329 ORDER IX. PTERODACTYLIA (PTEROSAURIA, ORNITHOSAURIA). Extinct reptiles adapted for flight. Skin naked, bones of limbs and vertebrae hollow ; the caudal vertebrae amphicoelous, the others procoelous; three to five vertebrae fused to form a. sacrum. Skull bird-like in shape and in obliteration of sutures ; supra- and infratemporal and preorbital fossae present; a bony sclerotic ring; premaxilla large ; teeth, when present, in alveoli; quadrate immovable. Ribs two headed, sternal and abdominal rib present; sternum
. Text book of vertebrate zoology. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative. REPTILES. 329 ORDER IX. PTERODACTYLIA (PTEROSAURIA, ORNITHOSAURIA). Extinct reptiles adapted for flight. Skin naked, bones of limbs and vertebrae hollow ; the caudal vertebrae amphicoelous, the others procoelous; three to five vertebrae fused to form a. sacrum. Skull bird-like in shape and in obliteration of sutures ; supra- and infratemporal and preorbital fossae present; a bony sclerotic ring; premaxilla large ; teeth, when present, in alveoli; quadrate immovable. Ribs two headed, sternal and abdominal rib present; sternum keeled ; episternum and clavicles absent. The fore limbs have the fifth digit greatly elongate, supporting- a membranous wing extending from the side of the body as Fig. 322. Restoration of Dimorphodoti, after Woodward. the bats. The other digits are normal, except the first, which is vestigial or absent. The pelvis is weak, the hind limbs reduced, the feet five-toed. The tail may be long or short. The pterodactyls were confined to the Jurassic and creta- ceous periods of Europe and North America. In habits they were bird-like or bat-like. Some of them were sparrow-like im size, while in others (^Ptcranodon) the skull was three feet in length, and the wings had an expanse of twenty feet. Casts of the brain cavity show that the brain was more like that of birds, than of other reptiles, especially in the shortness of the hemi-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Kingsley, J. S. (John Sterling), 1854-1929. New York, H. Holt and Company
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