. The Composition of sea-water : comparative and descriptive oceanography. Seawater -- Composition. 316 CAMERON AND PRITCHARD [CHAP. 15 constitutes the major mechanism for exchange or renewal of the waters, domi- nating the processes of tidal exchange and wind-induced Distance - Miles From Head of Harbor Fig. 2. Typical longitudinal section of the salinity distribution in Baltimore Harbor. The Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the harbor is at the right end of the figure. The arrows show the net flow pattern. 5. Flushing in Estuaries The circulation in estuaries has important implic
. The Composition of sea-water : comparative and descriptive oceanography. Seawater -- Composition. 316 CAMERON AND PRITCHARD [CHAP. 15 constitutes the major mechanism for exchange or renewal of the waters, domi- nating the processes of tidal exchange and wind-induced Distance - Miles From Head of Harbor Fig. 2. Typical longitudinal section of the salinity distribution in Baltimore Harbor. The Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the harbor is at the right end of the figure. The arrows show the net flow pattern. 5. Flushing in Estuaries The circulation in estuaries has important implications in the field of pollu- tion study and control. For any estuary in which this problem is significant it is important to be able to calculate the extent to which a pollutant may accumu- late in the estuary before a "steady-state" concentration is reached. Further- more, the variation in concentration of the pollutant with location in the system must be predictable. The factors which bear on this important problem are associated with the type of circulation that prevails in the estuary under study. In the salt-wedge estuary, it is clear that a pollutant which is lighter than the water of the salt wedge will be retained in the surface layer and pass out to sea at approxi- mately the velocity of the surface flow. On the other hand, in a moderately stratified estuary a portion of such a pollutant would find its way into the bottom layer because of the vertical mixing which carries fresh water down- ward into that layer. It would then take part in the upriver flow of the layer, to be distributed more broadly than in the first case considered. The prediction of pollution, therefore, depends heavily on the ability to understand and evaluate the essential processes, both advective and non-advective, which are responsible for the distribution of properties in the estuary. It was suggested by Ketchum (1951) that with certain fundamental assump- tions (the most significant
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